Tag: IELTS writing part 2

Essay 17. Some people think that zoos are cruel and should be closed down. Others, however, believe that zoos can be beneficial for protecting endangered animals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Version 1

Zoos have long been a topic of debate, with some people arguing that they are cruel and should be closed down, while others believe that zoos play a crucial role in protecting endangered animals. This essay will discuss both perspectives and offer an opinion on the matter.

On one hand, critics argue that zoos are inherently cruel to animals. They contend that confining animals to enclosures, often far smaller than their natural habitats, leads to physical and psychological stress. Animals in zoos may exhibit signs of distress, such as pacing, self-mutilation, and other abnormal behaviors, which are rarely seen in the wild. This behavior, known as “zoochosis,” suggests that captivity can be detrimental to animal welfare. Moreover, critics highlight that some zoos fail to provide adequate living conditions, proper nutrition, and medical care, further exacerbating the suffering of the animals.

Additionally, opponents of zoos argue that the primary motive of many zoos is profit rather than conservation. They point out that the commercialization of wildlife can lead to unethical practices, such as the capture of wild animals, breeding programs that do not prioritize genetic diversity, and the exploitation of animals for entertainment purposes. These practices can undermine the conservation messages that zoos claim to promote, making the existence of such institutions morally questionable.

On the other hand, supporters of zoos argue that they play a vital role in the conservation of endangered species. Zoos often participate in breeding programs aimed at increasing the population of species that are at risk of extinction. These programs can be successful in preserving genetic diversity and ensuring the survival of species that might otherwise disappear. For example, the California condor and the Arabian oryx are notable success stories of species that have been brought back from the brink of extinction through zoo-led conservation efforts.

Furthermore, zoos can serve as important educational platforms. They provide visitors, especially children, with the opportunity to learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation. This educational aspect can foster a sense of connection to the natural world and inspire future generations to support and engage in conservation efforts. Additionally, many zoos contribute to scientific research by studying animal behavior, genetics, and health, which can provide valuable insights for conservation strategies in the wild.

In my opinion, while the ethical concerns raised by critics are valid, the potential benefits of zoos in terms of conservation and education cannot be overlooked. It is crucial, however, that zoos adhere to the highest standards of animal welfare and focus on genuine conservation efforts rather than profit. Zoos should be regularly inspected and held accountable to ensure that they provide suitable habitats, proper care, and meaningful educational experiences. By doing so, zoos can fulfill their role as sanctuaries for endangered species and educators for the public while minimizing the ethical dilemmas associated with captivity.

In conclusion, the debate over zoos is complex, involving valid arguments on both sides. While some view zoos as cruel and outdated institutions, others see them as vital for the protection of endangered animals and education. Striking a balance between these perspectives requires rigorous standards and a genuine commitment to animal welfare and conservation.

 Vocabulary with Definitions

1. Confining: Restricting someone or something within limits.

2. Enclosures: Areas surrounded by a barrier where animals are kept.

3. Psychological stress: Mental strain or anxiety.

4. Zoochosis: Abnormal behavior exhibited by animals in captivity.

5. Detrimental: Tending to cause harm.

6. Exacerbating: Making a problem or negative situation worse.

7. Conservation: The protection and preservation of the natural environment and wildlife.

8. Genetic diversity: The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

9. Ethical: Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

10. Commercialization: The process of managing or running something principally for financial gain.

11. Exploitation: The action of making use of and benefiting from resources.

12. Educational platforms: Systems or structures used for educational purposes.

13. Sanctuaries: Places of refuge or safety, especially for animals.

14. Insights: An accurate and deep understanding of a complex situation or problem.

15. Accountable: Required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible.

Version 2

The existence of zoos has sparked a long-standing debate, with some individuals asserting that zoos are inhumane and should be shut down, while others argue that zoos serve an essential role in conserving endangered species. This essay will examine both viewpoints and present an opinion on the issue.

Critics of zoos argue that they are fundamentally cruel to animals. They claim that confining animals to enclosures, which are often much smaller than their natural habitats, results in physical and psychological distress. Animals in zoos frequently display signs of stress, such as pacing, self-harm, and other abnormal behaviors rarely observed in the wild. This condition, referred to as “zoochosis,” indicates that captivity can be harmful to animal well-being. Furthermore, detractors highlight that some zoos do not provide adequate living conditions, proper nutrition, or medical care, exacerbating the animals’ suffering.

Opponents also contend that the primary objective of many zoos is profit rather than conservation. They argue that the commercialization of wildlife leads to unethical practices, such as capturing wild animals, conducting breeding programs without prioritizing genetic diversity, and exploiting animals for entertainment. These practices can undermine the conservation messages that zoos claim to advocate, raising ethical concerns about the existence of such institutions.

Conversely, proponents of zoos argue that they play a critical role in the conservation of endangered species. Zoos often engage in breeding programs designed to boost the populations of at-risk species. These initiatives can be successful in preserving genetic diversity and ensuring the survival of species that might otherwise face extinction. Notable success stories include the California condor and the Arabian oryx, both of which were saved from extinction through zoo-led conservation efforts.

Moreover, zoos serve as valuable educational resources. They offer visitors, particularly children, the chance to learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation. This educational aspect can foster a sense of connection to the natural world and inspire future generations to support conservation efforts. Additionally, many zoos contribute to scientific research by studying animal behavior, genetics, and health, providing insights that can inform conservation strategies in the wild.

In my view, while the ethical concerns raised by critics are valid, the potential benefits of zoos in terms of conservation and education should not be dismissed. It is imperative that zoos maintain the highest standards of animal welfare and focus genuinely on conservation rather than profit. Zoos should be regularly inspected and held accountable to ensure they provide appropriate habitats, adequate care, and meaningful educational experiences. By doing so, zoos can fulfill their role as sanctuaries for endangered species and educational institutions for the public while addressing the ethical issues associated with captivity.

In conclusion, the debate over zoos is multifaceted, with compelling arguments on both sides. While some view zoos as inhumane and outdated, others see them as essential for protecting endangered animals and educating the public. Achieving a balance between these perspectives requires stringent standards and a genuine commitment to animal welfare and conservation.

 Vocabulary with Definitions

1. Inhumane: Lacking compassion and causing suffering.

2. Enclosures: Areas surrounded by barriers where animals are kept.

3. Psychological distress: Mental suffering or anxiety.

4. Zoochosis: Abnormal behavior exhibited by animals in captivity.

5. Detractors: People who criticize or oppose something.

6. Exacerbating: Making a situation worse.

7. Conservation: The protection and preservation of the natural environment and wildlife.

8. Genetic diversity: The variety of genes within a particular species.

9. Commercialization: The process of managing or running something for financial gain.

10. Exploiting: Taking unfair advantage of a resource.

11. Educational resources: Tools or materials used for educational purposes.

12. Sanctuaries: Places of refuge or safety, especially for animals.

13. Insights: Deep understanding of a complex situation or problem.

14. Accountable: Required to justify actions or decisions; responsible.

15. Multifaceted: Having many aspects or sides.

Version 3

 The role of zoos in modern society is a contentious issue, with some people asserting that zoos are inherently cruel and should be abolished, while others believe that zoos are vital for the protection of endangered species. This essay will explore both perspectives and provide a personal viewpoint on the matter.

Those who argue against zoos often highlight the ethical issues associated with keeping animals in captivity. They believe that confining animals to small, artificial environments deprives them of their natural behaviors and habitats, leading to physical and psychological suffering. Animals in zoos may exhibit signs of distress such as repetitive pacing, self-harm, and other abnormal behaviors, collectively known as “zoochosis.” These behaviors suggest that the animals are unable to cope with the stress of captivity. Additionally, critics point out that some zoos fail to meet basic standards of animal welfare, providing inadequate space, poor nutrition, and insufficient medical care.

Moreover, opponents of zoos argue that many of these institutions prioritize profit over animal welfare and conservation. The commercialization of wildlife often results in unethical practices, such as capturing animals from the wild, engaging in inbreeding, and using animals for entertainment purposes. These actions not only compromise the well-being of the animals but also undermine the educational and conservation goals that zoos claim to support.

On the other hand, supporters of zoos contend that these institutions play a crucial role in the conservation of endangered species. Zoos participate in breeding programs designed to increase the populations of species at risk of extinction. These programs can be successful in preserving genetic diversity and preventing the loss of biodiversity. For example, species such as the giant panda and the black-footed ferret have been saved from extinction through the concerted efforts of zoos around the world.

In addition to their conservation efforts, zoos serve as important educational venues. They provide the public, especially children, with the opportunity to learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation firsthand. This educational aspect can inspire people to support conservation initiatives and foster a greater appreciation for the natural world. Furthermore, zoos contribute to scientific research by studying animal behavior, genetics, and health, offering valuable insights that can aid in the development of effective conservation strategies in the wild.

In my opinion, while the ethical concerns surrounding zoos are valid and should not be ignored, the benefits that zoos offer in terms of conservation and education are significant. It is essential that zoos adhere to the highest standards of animal welfare and focus on their conservation missions rather than purely on profit. Regular inspections and accountability measures should be implemented to ensure that zoos provide suitable habitats, proper care, and meaningful educational experiences. By doing so, zoos can fulfill their role as sanctuaries for endangered species and as centers of learning for the public, while addressing the ethical issues associated with keeping animals in captivity.

In conclusion, the debate over the existence of zoos is complex, with strong arguments on both sides. While some see zoos as cruel institutions that should be closed, others recognize their importance in protecting endangered animals and educating the public. Finding a balance between these viewpoints requires strict adherence to animal welfare standards and a genuine commitment to conservation.

 Vocabulary with Definitions

1. Contentious: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

2. Abolished: Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).

3. Artificial environments: Man-made surroundings that are different from natural habitats.

4. Deprives: Denies the possession or use of something.

5. Zoochosis: Abnormal behavior exhibited by animals in captivity.

6. Conservation: The protection and preservation of the natural environment and wildlife.

7. Biodiversity: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.

8. Inbreeding: The breeding of closely related individuals, often leading to a decrease in genetic diversity.

9. Commercialization: The process of managing or running something principally for financial gain.

10. Venues: Places where events or activities are held.

11. Sanctuaries: Places of refuge or safety, especially for animals.

12. Insights: Deep understanding of a complex situation or problem.

13. Accountability measures: Actions or policies designed to ensure responsibility and transparency.

14. Adhere: Stick fast to (a surface or substance); believe in and follow the practices of. 15. Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Essay 14. Many people believe that formal examinations are a good way to assess a student’s knowledge. Others believe that continuous assessment is a better way. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Version 1

The debate over the most effective method of assessing a student’s knowledge has long been contentious. While some advocate for formal examinations as the best means of evaluation, others argue that continuous assessment offers a more comprehensive understanding of a student’s abilities. This essay will discuss both perspectives and provide my opinion on the matter.

Proponents of formal examinations argue that they provide a clear and objective measure of a student’s knowledge. Exams are standardized, allowing for a uniform assessment that can be easily compared across different students and institutions. This standardization ensures fairness, as all students are evaluated under the same conditions. Additionally, exams test a student’s ability to recall and apply knowledge under pressure, a skill that is valuable in many real-world situations. For instance, medical professionals and lawyers often need to make quick decisions based on their knowledge, and exams help prepare students for such scenarios.

On the other hand, advocates of continuous assessment believe that it provides a more holistic evaluation of a student’s capabilities. Continuous assessment includes a variety of methods such as quizzes, assignments, projects, and class participation, which collectively give a broader picture of a student’s strengths and weaknesses. This approach acknowledges that not all students perform well under exam conditions and that some may demonstrate their understanding better through other means. Furthermore, continuous assessment encourages consistent effort and engagement throughout the course, rather than last-minute cramming. For example, a student who consistently participates in class discussions and submits high-quality assignments is likely demonstrating a deep understanding of the material.

Despite the merits of both approaches, I believe that a combination of formal examinations and continuous assessment offers the most balanced and effective method of evaluation. Formal exams can serve as a benchmark for critical thinking and knowledge application, while continuous assessment can provide ongoing feedback and support student learning in a more nuanced way. By integrating both methods, educators can ensure that students are not only able to perform under pressure but also engage meaningfully with the curriculum on a regular basis. This dual approach caters to diverse learning styles and provides a comprehensive assessment of a student’s abilities.

In conclusion, while formal examinations offer a standardized and objective means of assessing knowledge, continuous assessment provides a more rounded and continuous evaluation of a student’s abilities. I believe that combining both methods would yield the most accurate and fair assessment, ensuring that all students have the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in various ways. Therefore, an integrated approach should be adopted to fully capture a student’s academic performance.

Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Contentious: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

2. Advocate: A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.

3. Standardized: Made consistent and comparable by applying a common set of standards or criteria.

4. Holistic: Characterized by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole.

5. Acknowledges: Accepts or admits the existence or truth of something.

6. Cramming: The act of studying intensively over a short period of time just before an examination.

7. Benchmark: A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.

8. Nuanced: Characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression.

9. Diverse: Showing a great deal of variety; very different.

10. Integration: The process of combining or coordinating different elements into a unified whole.

11. Curriculum: The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.

12. Engage: To occupy, attract, or involve someone’s interest or attention.

13. Objective: Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

14. Merits: The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward.

15. Capabilities: The extent of someone’s or something’s ability.

Version 2

The method of evaluating students’ knowledge has been a subject of ongoing debate. While some individuals assert that formal examinations are the optimal way to measure academic proficiency, others argue that continuous assessment provides a more accurate reflection of a student’s abilities. This essay will discuss both viewpoints and present my own perspective on the issue.

Advocates of formal examinations contend that this approach offers a clear and unbiased measure of student performance. Examinations are standardized, ensuring that all students are assessed under identical conditions, which promotes fairness and objectivity. Moreover, exams require students to synthesize and apply their knowledge within a limited timeframe, which can be indicative of their ability to perform under pressure—a valuable skill in many professional settings. For instance, in fields such as law and medicine, professionals often need to make swift, informed decisions, and exams can help simulate such high-stakes environments.

Conversely, supporters of continuous assessment argue that it provides a more comprehensive evaluation of a student’s learning journey. Continuous assessment encompasses various forms of evaluation, including quizzes, assignments, projects, and class participation. This multifaceted approach recognizes that students have different strengths and learning styles, and some may excel in formats other than traditional exams. Additionally, continuous assessment fosters sustained engagement and effort throughout the academic term, rather than encouraging last-minute cramming. For example, a student who consistently performs well in assignments and actively participates in class discussions is likely to have a thorough understanding of the subject matter.

Despite the strengths of both methods, I believe that an integrated approach combining formal examinations and continuous assessment would be the most effective way to evaluate students. Formal exams can serve as a benchmark for assessing critical thinking and problem-solving skills, while continuous assessment can offer ongoing feedback and highlight areas for improvement. By utilizing both methods, educators can provide a more balanced and holistic assessment that caters to diverse learning preferences and offers a more complete picture of a student’s capabilities.

In conclusion, formal examinations provide a standardized and objective measure of student knowledge, while continuous assessment offers a more holistic and sustained evaluation of a student’s abilities. I advocate for a blended approach that incorporates both methods to achieve a fair and comprehensive assessment of student performance. Such an approach would ensure that all students have the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in various ways, ultimately enhancing the educational experience.

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 Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Proficiency: A high degree of skill or competence.

2. Assert: To state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully.

3. Optimal: Best or most effective.

4. Synthesize: To combine various components into a coherent whole.

5. Indicative: Serving as a sign or indication of something.

6. High-stakes: Involving serious risks if there is no success.

7. Comprehensive: Complete and including all or nearly all elements or aspects.

8. Multifaceted: Having many different aspects or features.

9. Sustained: Continuing for an extended period or without interruption.

10. Thorough: Complete with regard to every detail.

11. Benchmark: A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.

12. Holistic: Relating to or concerned with complete systems rather than individual parts.

13. Integrated: Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.

14. Capabilities: The extent of someone’s or something’s ability.

15. Blended: Mixed or combined.

16. Assessment: The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.

17. Cohesive: Forming a united whole.

Version 3

The debate over the most effective method for assessing student knowledge is both longstanding and multifaceted. While some advocate for formal examinations as the quintessential mode of evaluation, others argue that continuous assessment provides a more accurate and comprehensive picture of a student’s abilities. This essay will explore both perspectives and offer my viewpoint on this issue.

Proponents of formal examinations argue that this method offers a uniform and objective measure of student performance. Exams are typically standardized, ensuring that all students are evaluated under the same conditions, which promotes fairness and comparability. Moreover, exams test a student’s ability to recall, synthesize, and apply knowledge under pressure, which are crucial skills in many professional environments. For instance, professions such as engineering and medicine often require individuals to make quick, informed decisions, and the rigorous nature of exams can help prepare students for such high-pressure situations.

Conversely, supporters of continuous assessment assert that it provides a more nuanced and holistic evaluation of a student’s academic journey. Continuous assessment encompasses a range of evaluative methods, including quizzes, assignments, projects, and participation. This approach recognizes that students have diverse learning styles and strengths, and it allows for a more consistent and sustained measure of a student’s performance. For example, a student who excels in practical projects or class discussions may not perform as well in high-stakes exams, but continuous assessment provides multiple opportunities to demonstrate understanding and skill.

Despite the merits of both approaches, I contend that a blended model incorporating both formal examinations and continuous assessment would yield the most effective evaluation. Formal exams can serve as benchmarks for critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, while continuous assessment can offer ongoing feedback and foster continuous engagement. This integrated approach not only caters to a wider range of learning styles but also ensures that students are evaluated in a comprehensive and fair manner. By combining both methods, educators can create a more balanced and thorough assessment framework that accurately reflects a student’s capabilities.

In conclusion, formal examinations offer a standardized and objective way to measure student knowledge, whereas continuous assessment provides a more holistic and consistent evaluation. I advocate for a hybrid approach that combines both methods to provide a fair and comprehensive assessment of student performance. Such an approach ensures that all students have the opportunity to showcase their knowledge and skills in various ways, ultimately enhancing the educational experience and outcomes.

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 Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Longstanding: Having existed or continued for a long time.

2. Multifaceted: Having many different aspects or features.

3. Quintessential: Representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

4. Uniform: Consistent; unchanging; the same for everyone.

5. Comparability: The quality of being similar enough to be compared.

6. Recall: Bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one’s mind; remember.

7. Synthesize: Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.

8. Nuanced: Characterized by subtle differences in meaning or expression.

9. Holistic: Relating to or concerned with complete systems rather than with individual parts.

10. Sustained: Continuing for an extended period or without interruption.

11. Consistent: Acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate.

12. High-stakes: Involving serious risks if there is no success.

13. Merits: The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward.

14. Blended: Mixed or combined.

15. Benchmarks: Standards or points of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.

16. Hybrid: A combination of two different things.

17. Comprehensive: Complete; including all or nearly all elements or aspects.

18. Framework: A basic structure underlying a system, concept, or text.

Essay 9. Many people say that globalization and the growing number of multinational companies have a negative effect on the environment. What are the reasons for this? What measures can be taken to address this issue?

Version 1

The proliferation of globalization and the rise of multinational companies have been accompanied by significant environmental repercussions. Many people argue that these phenomena have detrimental effects on the environment. This essay will explore the reasons for this negative impact and suggest measures to address the issue.

Several factors contribute to the adverse environmental effects of globalization and multinational corporations. Firstly, the expansion of global trade often leads to increased production and consumption, resulting in greater resource extraction and higher levels of waste. The demand for raw materials, such as timber, minerals, and fossil fuels, accelerates deforestation, habitat destruction, and depletion of natural resources. Secondly, the transportation of goods across long distances contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. The reliance on fossil fuel-powered ships, trucks, and airplanes for global trade significantly increases carbon footprints. Thirdly, multinational companies frequently operate in countries with lax environmental regulations, leading to industrial pollution, improper waste disposal, and exploitation of local ecosystems.

Moreover, the pursuit of economic growth and profit maximization by multinational corporations often takes precedence over environmental considerations. Large-scale industrial activities, such as manufacturing and mining, result in pollution of air, water, and soil. The emission of pollutants, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals, poses serious health risks to local communities and wildlife. Additionally, the mass production of goods promotes a culture of consumerism, leading to overconsumption and increased generation of waste, which further strains the environment.

To address these pressing environmental issues, several measures can be implemented. Firstly, governments worldwide should enforce stringent environmental regulations and standards to ensure that multinational companies adhere to sustainable practices. This includes setting limits on emissions, mandating proper waste management, and promoting the use of renewable energy sources. Secondly, international cooperation is crucial in tackling environmental challenges. Countries should collaborate to establish global agreements and frameworks that hold multinational corporations accountable for their environmental impact. This could involve imposing taxes on carbon emissions, providing incentives for green technologies, and supporting conservation initiatives.

Furthermore, multinational companies themselves must take responsibility for their environmental footprint. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives should be prioritized, with companies investing in sustainable practices and technologies. This includes reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste, and adopting eco-friendly production methods. Additionally, consumers play a vital role in driving change. By making informed choices and supporting environmentally responsible companies, consumers can incentivize businesses to adopt greener practices.

In conclusion, the negative environmental impact of globalization and multinational corporations is driven by factors such as increased production, transportation, and lax regulations. However, by enforcing stricter environmental laws, fostering international cooperation, and promoting corporate responsibility and consumer awareness, it is possible to mitigate these effects and move towards a more sustainable future. It is imperative that all stakeholders work together to address these challenges and protect our planet for future generations.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Proliferation of globalization – Rapid increase in global interconnectedness.

2. Environmental repercussions – Negative effects on the environment.

3. Adverse environmental effects – Harmful impacts on nature.

4. Increased production and consumption – Higher levels of manufacturing and use of goods.

5. Greater resource extraction – More removal of natural resources.

6. Habitat destruction – Damage to natural living environments.

7. Depletion of natural resources – Reduction in available natural materials.

8. Transportation of goods – Moving products from one place to another.

9. Greenhouse gas emissions – Release of gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.

10. Exacerbating climate change – Worsening global temperature changes.

11. Lax environmental regulations – Weak environmental protection laws.

12. Industrial pollution – Contamination from factories and industries.

13. Improper waste disposal – Incorrect handling of waste materials.

14. Exploitation of local ecosystems – Overuse and damage of natural environments.

15. Economic growth and profit maximization – Increasing wealth and profits.

16. Large-scale industrial activities – Extensive manufacturing and production operations.

17. Culture of consumerism – Society focused on buying and using goods.

18. Overconsumption – Excessive use of resources.

19. Strains the environment – Puts pressure on nature.

20. Stringent environmental regulations – Strict environmental laws.

21. Adhere to sustainable practices – Follow eco-friendly methods.

22. Promoting the use of renewable energy – Encouraging the use of sustainable power sources.

23. International cooperation – Countries working together.

24. Establish global agreements – Create worldwide treaties.

25. Hold multinational corporations accountable – Make global companies responsible.

26. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives – Company efforts to act ethically.

27. Eco-friendly production methods – Environmentally safe manufacturing techniques.

28. Driving change – Causing improvements.

29. Mitigate these effects – Reduce these impacts.

30. Move towards a more sustainable future – Progress towards long-term environmental health.

Version 2

Globalization and the proliferation of multinational companies have undeniably spurred economic growth and cultural exchange. However, many argue that these phenomena have led to significant environmental degradation. This essay will examine the reasons behind this negative impact and suggest measures to mitigate the issue.

The environmental harm caused by globalization and multinational corporations can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the surge in global production and consumption has escalated the extraction of natural resources. Industries often exploit resources such as forests, minerals, and fossil fuels at an unsustainable rate, leading to deforestation, soil erosion, and resource depletion. Secondly, the transportation of goods on a global scale results in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. The extensive use of fossil fuel-powered ships, airplanes, and trucks contributes significantly to air pollution and climate change. Thirdly, multinational companies often relocate their operations to countries with lenient environmental regulations to cut costs, resulting in increased pollution and environmental neglect in these regions.

Not only do these practices harm the environment, but they also exacerbate the issue of waste management. The mass production of goods leads to a rise in waste generation, much of which is not properly managed or recycled. This contributes to landfills, ocean pollution, and harm to wildlife. Moreover, the relentless pursuit of profit by multinational corporations often overlooks the environmental costs, prioritizing economic gains over ecological sustainability.

To address these pressing environmental concerns, several measures can be implemented. Firstly, governments must enforce stricter environmental regulations globally. Countries should adopt uniform standards for emissions, waste management, and resource extraction to prevent multinational companies from exploiting regulatory loopholes. Secondly, international agreements and cooperation are essential. Global initiatives such as carbon pricing, emission reduction targets, and funding for sustainable development projects can help mitigate the environmental impact of globalization.

Furthermore, multinational corporations should be encouraged, and where necessary, compelled to adopt sustainable business practices. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives should be made mandatory, ensuring that companies invest in renewable energy, reduce waste, and minimize their carbon footprint. Additionally, consumers play a critical role in driving environmental change. By making informed choices and supporting eco-friendly businesses, consumers can pressure companies to adopt greener practices.

In conclusion, the negative environmental impact of globalization and multinational corporations is driven by increased resource extraction, transportation emissions, and inadequate waste management. However, through the implementation of stringent environmental regulations, international cooperation, and the promotion of sustainable business practices and consumer awareness, these adverse effects can be mitigated. It is imperative that all stakeholders—governments, corporations, and consumers—collaborate to create a more sustainable future.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Proliferation of multinational companies – Rapid increase in global businesses.

2. Spurred economic growth – Stimulated financial development.

3. Environmental degradation – Deterioration of the environment.

4. Mitigate the issue – Reduce the problem.

5. Escalated the extraction of natural resources – Increased the removal of natural materials.

6. Exploit resources at an unsustainable rate – Use resources faster than they can be replenished.

7. Deforestation – Clearing forests.

8. Soil erosion – Wearing away of topsoil.

9. Resource depletion – Exhaustion of natural resources.

10. Greenhouse gas emissions – Release of gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.

11. Air pollution – Contamination of the air.

12. Relocate their operations – Move their businesses.

13. Lenient environmental regulations – Weak environmental laws.

14. Increased pollution and environmental neglect – More contamination and lack of care for nature.

15. Waste management – Handling and disposal of waste.

16. Mass production of goods – Large-scale manufacturing.

17. Relentless pursuit of profit – Unceasing quest for financial gain.

18. Overlooks the environmental costs – Ignores the ecological expenses.

19. Uniform standards for emissions – Consistent rules for pollution control.

20. International agreements and cooperation – Global treaties and collaboration.

21. Carbon pricing – Charging for carbon emissions.

22. Emission reduction targets – Goals to lower pollution.

23. Funding for sustainable development projects – Financial support for eco-friendly initiatives.

24. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives – Company efforts to be socially responsible.

25. Renewable energy – Sustainable power sources.

26. Minimize their carbon footprint – Reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

27. Driving environmental change – Causing improvements in the environment.

28. Supporting eco-friendly businesses – Buying from environmentally responsible companies.

29. Pressure companies to adopt greener practices – Encourage businesses to be more sustainable.

30. Inadequate waste management – Poor handling and disposal of waste.

Version 3

The rapid expansion of globalization and the proliferation of multinational companies have significantly transformed economies and societies worldwide. However, many argue that these developments have led to substantial environmental harm. This essay will explore the reasons behind this negative impact and propose measures to address the issue.

Several factors contribute to the environmental damage caused by globalization and multinational corporations. Firstly, the increased demand for products has led to higher levels of resource extraction. This often results in deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and the depletion of essential natural resources such as water and minerals. Secondly, the globalization of supply chains involves extensive transportation, which significantly increases greenhouse gas emissions. The reliance on fossil fuel-powered vehicles for shipping goods across vast distances exacerbates air pollution and accelerates climate change. Thirdly, multinational companies frequently take advantage of lenient environmental regulations in developing countries, leading to higher levels of industrial pollution and inadequate waste management practices.

Not only do these practices harm the environment, but they also pose significant risks to human health and local ecosystems. The emission of toxic pollutants from factories can contaminate air, water, and soil, causing health problems for nearby communities and harming wildlife. Furthermore, the production of large quantities of waste, much of which is non-biodegradable, contributes to the growing problem of landfills and ocean pollution. The emphasis on profit maximization by multinational corporations often results in the prioritization of economic gains over environmental protection.

To mitigate these adverse effects, several measures can be implemented. Firstly, governments must enforce stricter environmental regulations and ensure compliance through regular inspections and penalties for violations. This includes setting limits on emissions, mandating sustainable resource management, and promoting the use of clean energy. Secondly, international cooperation is essential to address environmental challenges on a global scale. Countries should work together to establish and enforce international environmental agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Moreover, multinational companies must be held accountable for their environmental impact. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) should be integrated into their business models, with a focus on sustainability and ethical practices. Companies should invest in green technologies, reduce waste, and adopt renewable energy sources to minimize their ecological footprint. Additionally, consumers have a crucial role to play in driving change. By choosing to support environmentally responsible brands and products, consumers can incentivize companies to adopt more sustainable practices.

Ultimately, the environmental impact of globalization and multinational corporations is driven by increased resource extraction, transportation emissions, and inadequate waste management. However, through the implementation of stringent environmental regulations, international cooperation, and the promotion of sustainable business practices and consumer awareness, these negative effects can be mitigated. It is imperative that all stakeholders work together to create a more sustainable and environmentally conscious global economy.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Rapid expansion of globalization – Fast growth of global interconnectedness.

2. Proliferation of multinational companies – Increase in the number of global businesses.

3. Transformed economies and societies – Changed financial systems and communities.

4. Substantial environmental harm – Significant damage to nature.

5. Resource extraction – Removal of natural materials.

6. Deforestation – Clearing forests.

7. Loss of biodiversity – Reduction in the variety of life.

8. Depletion of essential natural resources – Exhaustion of crucial natural materials.

9. Globalization of supply chains – Worldwide integration of production and distribution networks.

10. Greenhouse gas emissions – Release of gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.

11. Air pollution – Contamination of the air.

12. Accelerates climate change – Speeds up global temperature changes.

13. Lenient environmental regulations – Weak environmental protection laws.

14. Industrial pollution – Contamination from factories and industries.

15. Inadequate waste management practices – Poor handling and disposal of waste.

16. Risks to human health and local ecosystems – Dangers to people’s health and natural environments.

17. Toxic pollutants – Harmful chemicals released into the environment.

18. Non-biodegradable waste – Trash that does not break down naturally.

19. Growing problem of landfills and ocean pollution – Increasing issue of waste disposal on land and in the sea.

20. Profit maximization – Focus on increasing profits.

21. Mitigate these adverse effects – Reduce these harmful impacts.

22. Enforce stricter environmental regulations – Implement tougher environmental laws.

23. Sustainable resource management – Eco-friendly use of natural resources.

24. Clean energy – Renewable and non-polluting energy sources.

25. International cooperation – Countries working together.

26. International environmental agreements – Global treaties on environmental protection.

27. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) – Company efforts to act ethically.

28. Green technologies – Eco-friendly innovations.

29. Ecological footprint – Impact on the environment.

30. Driving change – Causing improvements.

31. Environmentally responsible brands – Companies that care for the environment.

32. Mitigated – Lessened or reduced.

33. Sustainable and environmentally conscious global economy – Worldwide economic system that prioritizes environmental health.

Essay 8. Some people think that the government should invest more money in teaching science than in other subjects to ensure a country’s development and progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Version 1

The debate over whether the government should prioritize investment in teaching science over other subjects to ensure national development and progress is a contentious one. While it is undeniable that scientific education plays a crucial role in advancing technology and innovation, I firmly believe that a balanced approach to educational investment is essential for holistic development. This essay will explore both sides of the argument and provide my perspective.

Proponents of increased investment in science education argue that it is the cornerstone of technological advancement and economic growth. Science and technology drive innovation, leading to the development of new industries, improved healthcare, and solutions to environmental challenges. By focusing on science education, governments can nurture a generation of scientists, engineers, and researchers who will contribute to the country’s global competitiveness. Additionally, scientific literacy among the general population is vital for informed decision-making in a rapidly changing world.

No sooner do we invest in science education than we see tangible benefits in various sectors. For instance, advancements in medical science have led to the development of life-saving treatments and improved public health. Similarly, progress in environmental science is crucial for addressing climate change and promoting sustainable practices. Therefore, prioritizing science education can yield significant returns in terms of national development and quality of life.

However, it is important to recognize that other subjects also play a critical role in a country’s development. Subjects such as the humanities, social sciences, and arts foster critical thinking, creativity, and cultural awareness. These fields contribute to the social fabric and cultural identity of a nation, promoting social cohesion and understanding. Furthermore, skills acquired through these subjects, such as communication, ethical reasoning, and empathy, are essential for addressing complex societal issues and enhancing democratic governance.

Rarely do we consider the holistic development that a diverse curriculum can offer. A well-rounded education system that values all subjects ensures that students develop a broad range of skills and knowledge. This diversity is essential for fostering innovation, as creative solutions often emerge from the intersection of different disciplines. Moreover, education in subjects like economics, politics, and sociology provides insights into the functioning of societies and economies, which is crucial for informed policy-making and governance.

Ultimately, while science education is undoubtedly important for national progress, it should not come at the expense of other subjects. A balanced approach that invests adequately in all areas of education is essential for comprehensive development. By nurturing a diverse array of talents and perspectives, governments can create a more innovative, cohesive, and resilient society.

In conclusion, although prioritizing science education can drive technological and economic advancement, a well-rounded educational investment strategy that includes the humanities, social sciences, and arts is crucial for holistic national development. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that the government should invest more money in teaching science at the expense of other subjects. A balanced approach is necessary to ensure sustainable progress and a well-informed, versatile population.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Contentious debate – A topic that causes disagreement.

2. Prioritize investment – Focus spending on.

3. Crucial role – Important function.

4. Technological advancement – Progress in technology.

5. Holistic development – Comprehensive growth.

6. Proponents of increased investment – Supporters of more funding.

7. Cornerstone of technological advancement – Foundation of tech progress.

8. Economic growth – Increase in the economy.

9. Drive innovation – Propel new ideas.

10. Nurture a generation – Foster a group of people.

11. Global competitiveness – Ability to compete worldwide.

12. Scientific literacy – Understanding of science.

13. Informed decision-making – Making choices based on knowledge.

14. Tangible benefits – Real advantages.

15. Life-saving treatments – Medical solutions that save lives.

16. Sustainable practices – Eco-friendly methods.

17. Critical thinking – Analyzing and evaluating information.

18. Cultural awareness – Understanding different cultures.

19. Social cohesion – Unity within society.

20. Ethical reasoning – Thinking about moral issues.

21. Empathy – Understanding others’ feelings.

22. Complex societal issues – Difficult problems in society.

23. Holistic development – All-around growth.

24. Broad range of skills – Wide variety of abilities.

25. Fostering innovation – Encouraging new ideas.

26. Intersection of different disciplines – Combining various fields of study.

27. Informed policy-making – Creating rules based on knowledge.

28. Comprehensive development – Complete and thorough growth.

29. Nurturing a diverse array of talents – Encouraging various abilities.

30. Resilient society – A strong and adaptable community.

31. Sustainable progress – Long-lasting advancement.

32. Versatile population – Flexible and adaptable people.

Version 2

The idea that the government should prioritize funding for science education over other subjects to ensure national development and progress is a topic of considerable debate. While science undoubtedly plays a crucial role in advancing technology and driving economic growth, I believe that a balanced investment in all areas of education is essential for holistic national development. This essay will discuss both viewpoints and provide my perspective.

Advocates of increased investment in science education argue that it is fundamental to technological innovation and economic competitiveness. Nowhere is this more evident than in countries that lead the world in scientific research and technological advancements. By investing heavily in science education, governments can cultivate a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and solving complex problems. Additionally, scientific literacy among the general population is essential for making informed decisions in an increasingly technology-driven world.

Hardly can the benefits of science education be overstated. It leads to breakthroughs in healthcare, environmental sustainability, and industrial efficiency. For instance, advancements in medical research have significantly improved public health outcomes, while innovations in renewable energy technologies are essential for combating climate change. Thus, prioritizing science education can have far-reaching positive impacts on a country’s development.

Nevertheless, focusing solely on science at the expense of other subjects can have detrimental effects. Subjects such as the arts, humanities, and social sciences are equally vital for a well-rounded education. These disciplines foster critical thinking, creativity, and cultural awareness, which are essential for personal development and societal progress. Furthermore, the ability to communicate effectively, think ethically, and understand historical and cultural contexts is crucial for addressing global challenges and ensuring social cohesion.

Rarely do we consider the importance of a diversified curriculum. A balanced educational approach ensures that students are equipped with a broad range of skills and perspectives, fostering innovation at the intersection of different fields. For example, many technological innovations are driven by insights from both scientific and artistic disciplines. Moreover, education in subjects like economics, politics, and sociology provides a deeper understanding of societal dynamics, which is critical for effective governance and policy-making.

In conclusion, while investing in science education is undeniably important for technological and economic progress, it should not overshadow the need for a comprehensive educational strategy. A balanced investment in all subjects is crucial for fostering a well-rounded, innovative, and cohesive society. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that the government should invest more money in teaching science at the expense of other subjects. By ensuring that all areas of education receive adequate support, we can achieve sustainable and inclusive national development.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Considerable debate – Significant discussion.

2. Prioritize funding – Focus financial resources on.

3. Crucial role – Important function.

4. Advancing technology – Progressing in tech fields.

5. Driving economic growth – Promoting financial development.

6. Balanced investment – Equal distribution of resources.

7. Holistic national development – Comprehensive growth of a country.

8. Advocates of increased investment – Supporters of more funding.

9. Technological innovation – Creation of new technologies.

10. Economic competitiveness – Ability to compete economically.

11. Cultivate a skilled workforce – Develop a capable labor force.

12. Informed decisions – Choices made with sufficient knowledge.

13. Technology-driven world – A world influenced by technology.

14. Hardly can the benefits be overstated – The advantages are immense.

15. Breakthroughs in healthcare – Major advancements in medicine.

16. Environmental sustainability – Eco-friendly practices.

17. Industrial efficiency – Improved productivity in industries.

18. Far-reaching positive impacts – Wide-ranging beneficial effects.

19. Detrimental effects – Harmful consequences.

20. Well-rounded education – Comprehensive learning.

21. Foster critical thinking – Encourage analytical skills.

22. Cultural awareness – Understanding of different cultures.

23. Personal development – Individual growth.

24. Social cohesion – Unity within society.

25. Diversified curriculum – Varied educational program.

26. Broad range of skills – Wide array of abilities.

27. Fostering innovation – Encouraging new ideas.

28. Intersection of different fields – Overlap of various disciplines.

29. Effective governance – Efficient management of a country.

30. Inclusive national development – Development that includes all sectors.

31. Ensuring social cohesion – Maintaining societal unity.

32. Critical for effective governance – Essential for good leadership.

33. A comprehensive educational strategy – An all-encompassing education plan.

34. Fostering a well-rounded society – Promoting a balanced community.

Version 3

The proposition that governments should allocate more funds to teaching science over other subjects to ensure national development and progress is a topic of considerable debate. While the importance of science in driving technological advancement and economic growth is undeniable, I argue that an inclusive investment across all disciplines is crucial for comprehensive national development. This essay will examine both perspectives and present my viewpoint.

Proponents of prioritizing science education contend that it is the bedrock of innovation and economic prosperity. Only by investing heavily in science can nations hope to cultivate a workforce capable of pioneering technological advancements and addressing complex global challenges. Scientific literacy is essential not only for those pursuing careers in science and technology but also for the general populace, enabling informed decision-making in an era dominated by technological change.

Seldom can the impact of science education be overstated. From medical breakthroughs that enhance public health to advancements in renewable energy that address climate change, the contributions of science to societal progress are immense. Governments that prioritize science education are often at the forefront of global competitiveness, reaping the benefits of a highly skilled workforce and a robust economy.

However, focusing exclusively on science at the expense of other subjects can lead to significant drawbacks. The arts, humanities, and social sciences are fundamental to fostering critical thinking, creativity, and ethical reasoning. These disciplines play a pivotal role in shaping well-rounded individuals who can navigate the complexities of modern society. Furthermore, the ability to communicate effectively and understand diverse cultural contexts is indispensable for fostering social cohesion and addressing global issues.

Never has the importance of a balanced educational approach been more evident. A diverse curriculum that includes a wide range of subjects ensures that students develop a comprehensive skill set. Innovation often arises at the intersection of different fields, where insights from the arts and sciences converge. For instance, design thinking, which integrates principles from both engineering and the arts, has led to groundbreaking innovations in various industries. Moreover, education in fields such as economics, history, and sociology is vital for understanding societal dynamics and making informed policy decisions.

To conclude, while science education is undeniably crucial for technological and economic development, it should not overshadow the importance of a well-rounded educational strategy. By investing in all areas of education, governments can foster a diverse and versatile workforce capable of driving sustainable and inclusive national progress. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that the government should invest more money in teaching science at the expense of other subjects. A holistic approach to education is essential for achieving long-term development and prosperity.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Allocate more funds – Distribute more financial resources.

2. Comprehensive national development – Thorough growth of the country.

3. Proponents of prioritizing – Supporters of giving preference to.

4. Bedrock of innovation – Foundation of new ideas.

5. Economic prosperity – Wealth and success.

6. Pioneering technological advancements – Leading new tech developments.

7. Scientific literacy – Understanding of science.

8. Era dominated by technological change – Time period heavily influenced by technology.

9. Seldom can the impact be overstated – The effect is almost always significant.

10. Medical breakthroughs – Major advancements in medicine.

11. Renewable energy – Sustainable power sources.

12. Robust economy – Strong and healthy economy.

13. Critical thinking, creativity, and ethical reasoning – Analytical skills, innovation, and moral judgment.

14. Navigate the complexities of modern society – Handle the intricacies of today’s world.

15. Social cohesion – Unity within the community.

16. Balanced educational approach – Equal focus on all subjects.

17. Comprehensive skill set – Wide range of abilities.

18. Insights from the arts and sciences – Understanding from various disciplines.

19. Design thinking – Creative problem-solving method.

20. Groundbreaking innovations – Revolutionary new ideas.

21. Understanding societal dynamics – Grasping how society functions.

22. Making informed policy decisions – Creating rules based on knowledge.

23. Well-rounded educational strategy – Balanced and inclusive approach to education.

24. Diverse and versatile workforce – Skilled employees with varied abilities.

25. Sustainable and inclusive national progress – Long-term and all-encompassing development.

26. Holistic approach to education – Comprehensive and integrated method of learning.

27. Long-term development and prosperity – Lasting growth and success.

Essay 7. More and more people are choosing to work from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?Essay

Version 1

The trend of working from home has gained significant momentum in recent years, driven by advancements in technology and changing attitudes towards work-life balance. While this development offers numerous advantages, it also presents several challenges. This essay will explore both the benefits and drawbacks of working from home.

One of the primary advantages of working from home is the increased flexibility it provides. Employees can create their own schedules, allowing them to better balance work and personal commitments. This flexibility can lead to higher job satisfaction and improved mental health, as individuals can tailor their work environment to suit their personal needs and preferences. Additionally, working from home eliminates the need for commuting, saving time and reducing transportation costs. This not only benefits employees financially but also contributes to environmental sustainability by lowering carbon emissions.

Another significant advantage is the potential for increased productivity. Many employees find that they can focus better without the distractions commonly found in traditional office settings. The ability to create a personalized and comfortable workspace can further enhance concentration and efficiency. Moreover, employers can benefit from reduced overhead costs, as there is less need for office space, utilities, and other expenses associated with maintaining a physical workplace.

However, working from home also has its disadvantages. One major concern is the potential for social isolation. The lack of face-to-face interaction with colleagues can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnect, which can negatively impact mental health and overall well-being. Additionally, remote work can blur the boundaries between professional and personal life, making it difficult for employees to “switch off” from work. This can lead to increased stress and burnout, as individuals may feel compelled to work longer hours.

Furthermore, not all jobs are suitable for remote work. Certain roles require physical presence, collaboration, and access to specific equipment or resources that are only available in a traditional office setting. In such cases, working from home can hinder job performance and productivity. Moreover, the lack of a structured office environment can pose challenges for some employees in terms of time management and self-discipline.

Ultimately, the shift towards working from home offers a mix of advantages and disadvantages. While it provides greater flexibility, increased productivity, and cost savings, it also presents challenges such as social isolation, blurred work-life boundaries, and suitability issues for certain roles. To maximize the benefits of remote work, it is crucial for both employers and employees to establish clear boundaries, maintain regular communication, and ensure that the necessary resources and support systems are in place.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Gained significant momentum – Became increasingly popular.

2. Advancements in technology – Progress in tech innovations.

3. Changing attitudes towards work-life balance – Evolving perspectives on balancing work and personal life.

4. Numerous advantages – Many benefits.

5. Presents several challenges – Causes various difficulties.

6. Increased flexibility – Greater adaptability.

7. Better balance work and personal commitments – More effectively manage professional and personal responsibilities.

8. Higher job satisfaction – Greater contentment with one’s job.

9. Improved mental health – Better psychological well-being.

10. Eliminates the need for commuting – Removes the necessity of traveling to work.

11. Saving time and reducing transportation costs – Conserving time and lowering travel expenses.

12. Environmental sustainability – Practices that do not harm the environment.

13. Lowering carbon emissions – Reducing greenhouse gases.

14. Potential for increased productivity – Possibility of higher efficiency.

15. Distractions commonly found in traditional office settings – Interruptions typical in conventional workplaces.

16. Personalized and comfortable workspace – Customized and cozy work area.

17. Reduced overhead costs – Lowered operational expenses.

18. Face-to-face interaction with colleagues – Direct communication with coworkers.

19. Negatively impact mental health – Harm psychological well-being.

20. Blur the boundaries between professional and personal life – Make it hard to distinguish work from personal time.

21. “Switch off” from work – Disconnect from job responsibilities.

22. Increased stress and burnout – Higher levels of stress and exhaustion.

23. Roles require physical presence – Jobs that need to be done in person.

24. Hinder job performance – Impede work efficiency.

25. Lack of a structured office environment – Absence of an organized workplace.

26. Time management and self-discipline – Managing time and maintaining self-control.

27. Establish clear boundaries – Set definite limits.

28. Maintain regular communication – Keep consistent interaction.

29. Necessary resources and support systems – Required tools and assistance.

30. Mix of advantages and disadvantages – Combination of pros and cons.

Version 2

Not only has the trend of working from home gained significant momentum, but it has also transformed the way many people approach their professional lives. While this development offers numerous advantages, it also presents several challenges. This essay will explore both the benefits and drawbacks of working from home.

One of the primary advantages of working from home is the increased flexibility it provides. Seldom do employees get the chance to create their own schedules, allowing them to better balance work and personal commitments. This flexibility can lead to higher job satisfaction and improved mental health, as individuals can tailor their work environment to suit their personal needs and preferences. Moreover, not only does working from home eliminate the need for commuting, but it also saves time and reduces transportation costs. This not only benefits employees financially but also contributes to environmental sustainability by lowering carbon emissions.

Another significant advantage is the potential for increased productivity. Rarely do employees find a more conducive environment for focus than their own homes, free from the distractions commonly found in traditional office settings. The ability to create a personalized and comfortable workspace can further enhance concentration and efficiency. Furthermore, employers can benefit from reduced overhead costs, as there is less need for office space, utilities, and other expenses associated with maintaining a physical workplace.

However, working from home also has its disadvantages. No sooner do employees start working remotely than they may begin to experience social isolation. The lack of face-to-face interaction with colleagues can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnect, which can negatively impact mental health and overall well-being. Additionally, seldom does remote work fail to blur the boundaries between professional and personal life, making it difficult for employees to “switch off” from work. This can lead to increased stress and burnout, as individuals may feel compelled to work longer hours.

Furthermore, not all jobs are suitable for remote work. Only in traditional office settings can certain roles that require physical presence, collaboration, and access to specific equipment or resources be effectively performed. In such cases, working from home can hinder job performance and productivity. Moreover, the lack of a structured office environment can pose challenges for some employees in terms of time management and self-discipline.

Ultimately, the shift towards working from home offers a mix of advantages and disadvantages. Not only does it provide greater flexibility, increased productivity, and cost savings, but it also presents challenges such as social isolation, blurred work-life boundaries, and suitability issues for certain roles. To maximize the benefits of remote work, it is crucial for both employers and employees to establish clear boundaries, maintain regular communication, and ensure that the necessary resources and support systems are in place.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Not only has the trend of working from home gained significant momentum – The trend of remote work has become very popular.

2. Seldom do employees get the chance – Employees rarely have the opportunity.

3. Tailor their work environment – Customize their workspace.

4. Not only does working from home eliminate the need for commuting – Remote work removes the necessity of traveling to work.

5. Benefits employees financially – Provides financial advantages to workers.

6. Contributes to environmental sustainability – Helps in protecting the environment.

7. Rarely do employees find – Employees seldom discover.

8. More conducive environment for focus – Better setting for concentration.

9. Free from the distractions – Without interruptions.

10. Personalized and comfortable workspace – Customized and cozy work area.

11. Reduced overhead costs – Lowered operational expenses.

12. No sooner do employees start working remotely than they may begin to experience social isolation – As soon as employees start remote work, they may feel isolated.

13. Feelings of loneliness and disconnect – Sensations of being alone and detached.

14. Negatively impact mental health – Harm psychological well-being.

15. Seldom does remote work fail to blur the boundaries – Remote work often makes it hard to distinguish.

16. “Switch off” from work – Disconnect from job responsibilities.

17. Increased stress and burnout – Higher levels of stress and exhaustion.

18. Only in traditional office settings can certain roles – Some jobs can only be done in physical offices.

19. Hinder job performance – Impede work efficiency.

20. Structured office environment – Organized workplace.

21. Pose challenges – Create difficulties.

22. Time management and self-discipline – Managing time and maintaining self-control.

23. Mix of advantages and disadvantages – Combination of pros and cons.

24. Establish clear boundaries – Set definite limits.

25. Maintain regular communication – Keep consistent interaction. 26. Necessary resources and support systems – Required tools and assistance.

Essay 6. International tourism has brought enormous benefits to many places. At the same time, there is concern about its impact on local inhabitants and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages?

Version 1

International tourism has become a major industry that brings significant benefits to many destinations around the world. However, it also raises concerns about its impact on local communities and the environment. This essay will discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of international tourism and argue that while there are notable drawbacks, the benefits generally outweigh them.

The advantages of international tourism are manifold. Firstly, it is a substantial source of revenue for many countries, contributing to economic growth and development. Tourism generates employment opportunities in various sectors, such as hospitality, transportation, and retail, thus improving the standard of living for many local residents. Additionally, tourism promotes cultural exchange and understanding, allowing people from different parts of the world to learn about and appreciate diverse traditions and ways of life. This cultural interaction can foster global harmony and cooperation.

Despite these benefits, there are several disadvantages associated with international tourism. One major concern is the environmental degradation it can cause. The influx of tourists often leads to increased pollution, habitat destruction, and strain on local resources such as water and energy. Popular tourist destinations can suffer from over-tourism, which not only damages natural landscapes but also disrupts the daily lives of local inhabitants. Furthermore, the commercialization of cultural heritage sites can lead to the loss of authenticity and cultural erosion, as local traditions are sometimes modified to cater to tourist expectations.

However, it is important to recognize that many of these disadvantages can be mitigated through sustainable tourism practices. Governments and tourism authorities can implement measures to manage tourist numbers, protect natural and cultural resources, and promote eco-friendly activities. By doing so, they can minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the benefits of tourism. For example, encouraging off-season travel and promoting lesser-known destinations can help distribute the economic benefits more evenly and reduce the pressure on popular sites.

In my opinion, the advantages of international tourism do outweigh the disadvantages, provided that sustainable practices are adopted. The economic, cultural, and social benefits that tourism brings are substantial and can significantly improve the quality of life for many people. While the environmental and cultural challenges are real, they can be addressed through careful planning and management. By striking a balance between tourism development and conservation, we can ensure that the positive impacts of tourism are maximized and the negative ones are minimized.

In conclusion, international tourism offers numerous benefits, including economic growth, cultural exchange, and improved living standards. Although there are legitimate concerns about its environmental and social impacts, these can be effectively managed through sustainable tourism practices. Therefore, I believe that the advantages of international tourism generally outweigh the disadvantages.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Substantial source of revenue – Significant income.

2. Economic growth and development – Increase in wealth and improvement in living conditions.

3. Employment opportunities – Job prospects.

4. Improving the standard of living – Enhancing the quality of life.

5. Cultural exchange and understanding – Sharing and appreciating different cultures.

6. Foster global harmony and cooperation – Promote peace and teamwork internationally.

7. Environmental degradation – Harm to the natural environment.

8. Influx of tourists – Large number of visitors.

9. Increased pollution, habitat destruction – More waste and damage to living areas.

10. Strain on local resources – Pressure on supplies such as water and energy.

11. Over-tourism – Excessive numbers of tourists.

12. Commercialization of cultural heritage sites – Turning historical places into tourist attractions.

13. Loss of authenticity and cultural erosion – Losing the true essence and weakening traditions.

14. Sustainable tourism practices – Eco-friendly and responsible tourism methods.

15. Manage tourist numbers – Control the amount of visitors.

16. Protect natural and cultural resources – Preserve the environment and heritage.

17. Promote eco-friendly activities – Encourage environmentally responsible actions.

18. Distribute the economic benefits – Spread the financial gains.

19. Reduce the pressure on popular sites – Lessen the impact on well-known places.

20. Provided that sustainable practices are adopted – As long as responsible methods are used.

21. Economic, cultural, and social benefits – Financial, traditional, and community advantages.

22. Significantly improve the quality of life – Greatly enhance living conditions.

23. Environmental and cultural challenges – Difficulties related to nature and traditions.

24. Addressed through careful planning and management – Solved by thoughtful organization.

25. Striking a balance – Finding a middle ground.

26. Maximized and minimized – Increased to the fullest and reduced to the least.

27. Legitimate concerns – Valid worries.

28. Effectively managed – Properly controlled.

Version 2

International tourism has become a major industry that brings significant benefits to many destinations around the world. However, it also raises concerns about its impact on local communities and the environment. This essay will discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of international tourism and argue that while there are notable drawbacks, the benefits generally outweigh them.

The advantages of international tourism are manifold. Firstly, it is a substantial source of revenue for many countries, contributing to economic growth and development. Tourism generates employment opportunities in various sectors, such as hospitality, transportation, and retail, thus improving the standard of living for many local residents. Additionally, tourism promotes cultural exchange and understanding, allowing people from different parts of the world to learn about and appreciate diverse traditions and ways of life. This cultural interaction can foster global harmony and cooperation.

Despite these benefits, there are several disadvantages associated with international tourism. One major concern is the environmental degradation it can cause. The influx of tourists often leads to increased pollution, habitat destruction, and strain on local resources such as water and energy. Popular tourist destinations can suffer from over-tourism, which not only damages natural landscapes but also disrupts the daily lives of local inhabitants. Furthermore, the commercialization of cultural heritage sites can lead to the loss of authenticity and cultural erosion, as local traditions are sometimes modified to cater to tourist expectations.

However, it is important to recognize that many of these disadvantages can be mitigated through sustainable tourism practices. Governments and tourism authorities can implement measures to manage tourist numbers, protect natural and cultural resources, and promote eco-friendly activities. By doing so, they can minimize the negative impacts while maximizing the benefits of tourism. For example, encouraging off-season travel and promoting lesser-known destinations can help distribute the economic benefits more evenly and reduce the pressure on popular sites.

In my opinion, the advantages of international tourism do outweigh the disadvantages, provided that sustainable practices are adopted. The economic, cultural, and social benefits that tourism brings are substantial and can significantly improve the quality of life for many people. While the environmental and cultural challenges are real, they can be addressed through careful planning and management. By striking a balance between tourism development and conservation, we can ensure that the positive impacts of tourism are maximized and the negative ones are minimized.

In conclusion, international tourism offers numerous benefits, including economic growth, cultural exchange, and improved living standards. Although there are legitimate concerns about its environmental and social impacts, these can be effectively managed through sustainable tourism practices. Therefore, I believe that the advantages of international tourism generally outweigh the disadvantages.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Substantial source of revenue – Significant income.

2. Economic growth and development – Increase in wealth and improvement in living conditions.

3. Employment opportunities – Job prospects.

4. Improving the standard of living – Enhancing the quality of life.

5. Cultural exchange and understanding – Sharing and appreciating different cultures.

6. Foster global harmony and cooperation – Promote peace and teamwork internationally.

7. Environmental degradation – Harm to the natural environment.

8. Influx of tourists – Large number of visitors.

9. Increased pollution, habitat destruction – More waste and damage to living areas.

10. Strain on local resources – Pressure on supplies such as water and energy.

11. Over-tourism – Excessive numbers of tourists.

12. Commercialization of cultural heritage sites – Turning historical places into tourist attractions.

13. Loss of authenticity and cultural erosion – Losing the true essence and weakening traditions.

14. Sustainable tourism practices – Eco-friendly and responsible tourism methods.

15. Manage tourist numbers – Control the amount of visitors.

16. Protect natural and cultural resources – Preserve the environment and heritage.

17. Promote eco-friendly activities – Encourage environmentally responsible actions.

18. Distribute the economic benefits – Spread the financial gains.

19. Reduce the pressure on popular sites – Lessen the impact on well-known places.

20. Provided that sustainable practices are adopted – As long as responsible methods are used.

21. Economic, cultural, and social benefits – Financial, traditional, and community advantages.

22. Significantly improve the quality of life – Greatly enhance living conditions.

23. Environmental and cultural challenges – Difficulties related to nature and traditions.

24. Addressed through careful planning and management – Solved by thoughtful organization.

25. Striking a balance – Finding a middle ground.

26. Maximized and minimized – Increased to the fullest and reduced to the least.

27. Legitimate concerns – Valid worries.

28. Effectively managed – Properly controlled.

Version 3

International tourism has undeniably transformed many regions, bringing both positive and negative consequences. While some believe that the economic and cultural benefits of tourism are invaluable, others argue that the environmental and social costs are too high. This essay will examine both sides of the argument and contend that the disadvantages, in many instances, outweigh the advantages.

The primary benefit of international tourism lies in its ability to generate significant economic revenue. Tourism creates jobs in various sectors, including hospitality, transport, and retail, thereby stimulating local economies. The influx of foreign currency can boost national GDP and fund infrastructural improvements. Moreover, tourism can act as a catalyst for cultural exchange, allowing visitors and locals to share and appreciate diverse customs, traditions, and perspectives. This intercultural interaction can foster global understanding and peace.

Despite these advantages, the drawbacks of international tourism are substantial. One major concern is the environmental impact. The increase in tourist numbers often leads to pollution, resource depletion, and habitat destruction. For instance, popular tourist destinations can suffer from beach erosion, deforestation, and wildlife disturbances. Additionally, the carbon footprint associated with international travel contributes significantly to global warming. The social impact is also notable, as the influx of tourists can lead to overcrowding, rising living costs, and a loss of local identity. In many cases, local residents are pushed out of their communities to make way for tourist accommodations and amenities.

Another critical issue is the economic disparity that tourism can create. While tourism generates revenue, this wealth is not always evenly distributed. Often, multinational corporations and foreign investors reap the lion’s share of profits, leaving local businesses and workers with minimal benefits. This can exacerbate existing economic inequalities and foster resentment among local populations. Moreover, the dependency on tourism can make economies vulnerable to global economic shifts, political instability, and pandemics, which can cause sudden and severe economic downturns.

Ultimately, the disadvantages of international tourism often overshadow its benefits. Although tourism can drive economic growth and cultural exchange, these gains are frequently offset by environmental degradation, social disruption, and economic inequalities. To mitigate these negative effects, it is crucial to implement sustainable tourism practices that prioritize environmental conservation, social equity, and economic fairness. By doing so, we can ensure that the benefits of tourism are maximized while its adverse impacts are minimized, creating a more balanced and responsible approach to international travel.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Transformed many regions – Changed numerous areas significantly.

2. Bringing both positive and negative consequences – Causing both good and bad results.

3. Invaluable – Extremely valuable.

4. Economic and cultural benefits – Financial and traditional advantages.

5. Environmental and social costs – Harm to nature and society.

6. Generate significant economic revenue – Produce substantial income.

7. Stimulating local economies – Boosting the economic activities of local areas.

8. Catalyst for cultural exchange – A trigger for sharing cultures.

9. Intercultural interaction – Exchange between different cultures.

10. Foster global understanding and peace – Promote worldwide harmony and cooperation.

11. Environmental impact – Effect on nature.

12. Resource depletion – Exhaustion of natural resources.

13. Habitat destruction – Damage to living environments.

14. Beach erosion – Wearing away of shorelines.

15. Deforestation – Cutting down of forests.

16. Wildlife disturbances – Disruptions to animal life.

17. Carbon footprint – The amount of carbon dioxide emissions.

18. Global warming – Increase in Earth’s temperature.

19. Overcrowding – Excessive population in an area.

20. Rising living costs – Increasing expenses for daily life.

21. Loss of local identity – Erosion of cultural uniqueness.

22. Economic disparity – Unequal distribution of wealth.

23. Reap the lion’s share of profits – Gain the largest portion of earnings.

24. Exacerbate existing economic inequalities – Worsen current financial disparities.

25. Dependency on tourism – Reliance on travel for income.

26. Vulnerable to global economic shifts – Susceptible to worldwide financial changes.

27. Economic downturns – Periods of economic decline.

28. Overshadow its benefits – Outweigh its advantages.

29. Drive economic growth – Promote financial development.

30. Offset by environmental degradation – Balanced by harm to nature.

31. Social disruption – Disturbance to society.

32. Implement sustainable tourism practices – Use eco-friendly and responsible tourism methods.

33. Prioritize environmental conservation – Focus on protecting nature.

34. Social equity – Fairness in society.

35. Economic fairness – Just distribution of wealth.

36. Adverse impacts – Negative effects.

37. Balanced and responsible approach – Fair and accountable method.

Essay 5. Some people believe that children should be given homework every day, while others argue that homework should be given less frequently. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Version 1

The debate over the frequency of homework assigned to children is a contentious issue among educators and parents. While some argue that daily homework is essential for reinforcing learning, others believe that less frequent assignments are more beneficial for children’s overall development. This essay will discuss both perspectives and provide my own viewpoint.

Proponents of daily homework emphasize its role in reinforcing what students have learned in school. They argue that regular assignments help to consolidate knowledge and skills, making it easier for students to retain information over the long term. Daily homework also encourages good study habits and time management skills, as students learn to allocate their time effectively to complete their assignments. Moreover, homework can provide valuable feedback to teachers about students’ understanding and progress, allowing for timely intervention if any learning gaps are identified.

On the other hand, critics of daily homework contend that excessive assignments can lead to burnout and negatively impact children’s well-being. They argue that children need time to relax, play, and engage in extracurricular activities, which are crucial for their social, emotional, and physical development. Additionally, too much homework can create stress and anxiety, particularly if students struggle to complete their assignments. Critics also point out that the quality of homework is more important than the quantity, suggesting that well-designed, meaningful assignments given less frequently can be more effective in enhancing learning outcomes.

In my opinion, a balanced approach to homework is the most effective. While daily homework can be beneficial for reinforcing learning, it should not be overwhelming or excessively time-consuming. Teachers should aim to assign homework that is purposeful and manageable, taking into consideration the individual needs and capacities of their students. Furthermore, incorporating a variety of activities, such as projects, group work, and hands-on tasks, can make homework more engaging and meaningful. This balanced approach ensures that students can benefit from the advantages of regular practice without sacrificing their well-being and personal development.

In conclusion, both daily homework and less frequent assignments have their merits and drawbacks. The key is to find a balance that supports students’ academic growth while also allowing them time to enjoy other important aspects of their lives. By carefully considering the purpose and design of homework, educators can create an effective and supportive learning environment that promotes both academic success and overall well-being.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Contentious issue – A topic that causes disagreement.

2. Reinforcing learning – Strengthening what has been taught.

3. Consolidate knowledge and skills – Make learning more solid and stable.

4. Retain information – Remember what has been learned.

5. Encourages good study habits – Promotes effective learning routines.

6. Allocate their time effectively – Use time efficiently.

7. Valuable feedback – Useful information about performance.

8. Timely intervention – Prompt action to address a problem.

9. Learning gaps – Areas where understanding is lacking.

10. Burnout – Physical or mental collapse due to overwork.

11. Impact children’s well-being – Affect the health and happiness of children.

12. Engage in extracurricular activities – Participate in activities outside of school.

13. Social, emotional, and physical development – Growth in interacting with others, managing emotions, and physical health.

14. Create stress and anxiety – Cause worry and nervousness.

15. Struggle to complete – Have difficulty finishing.

16. Quality of homework – How good the assignments are.

17. Enhancing learning outcomes – Improving educational results.

18. Balanced approach – A method that finds a middle ground.

19. Purposeful and manageable – Useful and doable.

20. Taking into consideration – Thinking about.

21. Individual needs and capacities – Unique requirements and abilities.

22. Variety of activities – Different types of tasks.

23. Engaging and meaningful – Interesting and significant.

24. Sacrificing their well-being – Giving up their health and happiness.

25. Academic growth – Progress in learning.

26. Supportive learning environment – A setting that helps students learn.

27. Promotes both academic success and overall well-being – Encourages good grades and health.

Version 2

The frequency of homework assigned to children remains a highly debated issue among educators and parents. While some advocate for daily homework as a tool for reinforcing classroom learning, others argue that homework should be assigned less frequently to promote a more balanced lifestyle for children. This essay will explore both viewpoints and offer my perspective on this matter.

Supporters of daily homework highlight its importance in reinforcing the lessons taught in school. They believe that regular assignments help to consolidate learning by providing consistent practice, which can enhance students’ retention and understanding of the material. Furthermore, daily homework fosters the development of essential skills such as time management, self-discipline, and independent learning. It also enables teachers to monitor students’ progress closely and identify areas where additional support may be needed.

Conversely, those who oppose daily homework argue that it can lead to negative outcomes such as increased stress and reduced leisure time for children. They emphasize that students need ample time to relax, engage in physical activities, and pursue hobbies, all of which are vital for their overall development. Excessive homework can detract from these important aspects of childhood, potentially leading to burnout and diminishing students’ enthusiasm for learning. Additionally, opponents contend that the focus should be on the quality rather than the quantity of homework, suggesting that fewer, more meaningful assignments can be more effective in fostering deep learning.

In my opinion, a moderate approach to homework is the most beneficial. While daily homework can be useful for reinforcing learning, it should be assigned in reasonable amounts that do not overwhelm students. Homework should be purposeful, engaging, and tailored to the individual needs of students, ensuring that it complements rather than hinders their overall development. Incorporating a variety of tasks, including creative projects, collaborative activities, and hands-on learning, can make homework more enjoyable and meaningful, fostering a love for learning while developing important skills.

In conclusion, the debate over the frequency of homework is complex, with valid arguments on both sides. Striking a balance between daily assignments and less frequent, high-quality homework can help support students’ academic progress while promoting their well-being and personal growth. By adopting a thoughtful approach to homework, educators can create a learning environment that nurtures both intellectual and emotional development.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Highly debated issue – A topic that is widely discussed and argued about.

2. Advocate for – Support or argue in favor of.

3. Tool for reinforcing classroom learning – A method to strengthen what is taught in school.

4. Promote a more balanced lifestyle – Encourage a healthier way of living.

5. Consolidate learning – Make learning more solid and stable.

6. Consistent practice – Regular and repeated practice.

7. Retention and understanding – Remembering and comprehending information.

8. Fosters the development of essential skills – Encourages the growth of important abilities.

9. Monitor students’ progress closely – Keep a careful watch on students’ advancement.

10. Identify areas where additional support may be needed – Find out where students need extra help.

11. Increased stress and reduced leisure time – More anxiety and less free time.

12. Ample time to relax – Sufficient time to rest.

13. Engage in physical activities – Participate in exercises or sports.

14. Pursue hobbies – Follow personal interests or activities.

15. Vital for their overall development – Essential for their complete growth.

16. Detract from these important aspects – Take away from these significant parts.

17. Potentially leading to burnout – Possibly causing exhaustion.

18. Diminishing students’ enthusiasm for learning – Reducing students’ interest in learning.

19. Quality rather than the quantity of homework – The excellence, not the amount of homework.

20. Moderate approach – A balanced method.

21. Reasonable amounts – Sensible quantities.

22. Purposeful and engaging – Meaningful and interesting.

23. Tailored to the individual needs – Customized to the unique requirements.

24. Complements rather than hinders – Adds to instead of obstructs.

25. Creative projects and collaborative activities – Imaginative tasks and group work.

26. Fostering a love for learning – Encouraging a passion for education.

27. Valid arguments – Strong and reasonable points.

28. Striking a balance – Finding a middle ground.

29. High-quality homework – Excellent and effective assignments.

30. Nurtures both intellectual and emotional development – Supports both mental and emotional growth.

Essay 4, With the rise of e-books, some people believe that printed books will become obsolete. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Version 1

With the advent of digital technology, e-books have surged in popularity, prompting some to speculate that printed books may eventually become obsolete. While it is undeniable that e-books offer numerous advantages such as convenience and accessibility, I firmly believe that printed books will continue to hold their own unique place in the literary world. This essay will discuss both the benefits of e-books and the enduring value of printed books to substantiate this viewpoint.

E-books provide a multitude of benefits that contribute to their rising popularity. Firstly, e-books are highly portable, allowing readers to carry an entire library on a single device, which is particularly advantageous for frequent travelers and students. Secondly, e-books often come with interactive features such as hyperlinks, multimedia content, and note-taking capabilities, enhancing the overall reading experience. Additionally, the instant availability of e-books, which can be downloaded within seconds, caters to the modern preference for immediate gratification.

Despite the growing prominence of e-books, printed books possess an enduring appeal that is unlikely to wane. The tactile experience of holding a physical book, turning its pages, and even the distinctive smell of paper are sensory pleasures that e-books cannot replicate. Furthermore, printed books do not require batteries or electronic devices, making them reliable and accessible in any environment. The aesthetic and sentimental value of a well-stocked bookshelf is also significant, as printed books can be treasured as collectibles and heirlooms.

Moreover, the cognitive benefits of reading printed books should not be overlooked. Studies have shown that readers tend to retain information better and have a deeper comprehension when reading from physical books compared to screens. This can be attributed to the lack of digital distractions and the more deliberate pace of reading that printed books encourage. Consequently, printed books remain a preferred medium for educational purposes and in academic settings.

In conclusion, while e-books offer undeniable conveniences and are an integral part of the modern reading landscape, they are unlikely to render printed books obsolete. The unique sensory experience, reliability, aesthetic value, and cognitive benefits of printed books ensure their continued relevance and popularity. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that printed books will become a relic of the past, as they still hold substantial value in our digital age.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Advent of digital technology – The arrival of modern technology.

2. Surged in popularity – Increased rapidly in popularity.

3. Speculate that – Consider the possibility.

4. Obsolete – Outdated and no longer in use.

5. Hold their own unique place – Maintain a distinct and valued position.

6. Substantiate this viewpoint – Support this perspective.

7. Highly portable – Easy to carry around.

8. Interactive features – Elements that allow user interaction.

9. Immediate gratification – Instant satisfaction.

10. Enduring appeal – Long-lasting attractiveness.

11. Tactile experience – The feeling of physical touch.

12. Distinctive smell – Unique scent.

13. Reliable and accessible – Dependable and easy to reach or use.

14. Cognitive benefits – Mental advantages.

15. Digital distractions – Interruptions from electronic devices.

16. Preferred medium – Favored format or method.

17. Integral part – Essential component.

18. Render obsolete – Make outdated.

19. Aesthetic value – Beauty or artistic worth.

20. Relic of the past – Something outdated from a previous era.

21. Substantial value – Significant worth or importance.

Version 2

With the rise of digital technology, e-books have become increasingly popular, leading some to predict that printed books may soon become obsolete. While e-books offer several advantages, such as convenience and accessibility, I strongly believe that printed books will maintain their unique place in the literary world. This essay will explore the benefits of e-books and the enduring value of printed books to support this viewpoint.

E-books offer a range of benefits that contribute to their growing popularity. Firstly, e-books are incredibly portable, allowing readers to carry an entire library on a single device, which is particularly useful for travelers and students. Secondly, e-books often include interactive features such as hyperlinks, multimedia content, and note-taking capabilities, which can enhance the reading experience. Additionally, the instant availability of e-books, which can be downloaded within seconds, caters to the modern demand for immediate access to content.

However, despite the increasing prominence of e-books, printed books have a lasting appeal that is unlikely to fade. The tactile experience of holding a physical book, turning its pages, and even the distinct smell of paper are sensory pleasures that e-books cannot replicate. Moreover, printed books do not rely on batteries or electronic devices, making them reliable and accessible in any environment. The aesthetic and sentimental value of a well-stocked bookshelf is also significant, as printed books can be cherished as collectibles and heirlooms.

Furthermore, the cognitive benefits of reading printed books should not be underestimated. Research has shown that readers often retain information better and achieve deeper comprehension when reading from physical books compared to screens. This can be attributed to the absence of digital distractions and the more deliberate pace that printed books encourage. Consequently, printed books remain a preferred medium for educational purposes and academic settings.

In conclusion, while e-books provide undeniable conveniences and are an essential part of the modern reading landscape, they are unlikely to render printed books obsolete. The unique sensory experience, reliability, aesthetic value, and cognitive benefits of printed books ensure their continued relevance and popularity. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that printed books will become relics of the past, as they still hold substantial value in our digital age.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. With the rise of digital technology – With the increase in technological advancements.

2. Predict that printed books may soon become obsolete – Forecast that physical books might be outdated.

3. Maintain their unique place – Retain their distinct position.

4. Explore the benefits of e-books – Examine the advantages of digital books.

5. Enduring value of printed books – Lasting worth of physical books.

6. Growing popularity – Increasing acceptance.

7. Incredibly portable – Extremely easy to carry.

8. Interactive features – Elements that allow user interaction.

9. Instant availability – Immediate access.

10. Modern demand for immediate access – Contemporary need for quick content access.

11. Increasing prominence of e-books – Rising importance of digital books.

12. Lasting appeal – Long-lasting attractiveness.

13. Tactile experience – Physical sensation.

14. Distinct smell – Unique fragrance.

15. Do not rely on batteries or electronic devices – Do not depend on power sources.

16. Reliable and accessible in any environment – Dependable and usable anywhere.

17. Cherished as collectibles and heirlooms – Treasured as valuable items and family heritage.

18. Cognitive benefits – Mental advantages.

19. Research has shown – Studies indicate.

20. Retain information better – Remember content more effectively.

21. Deeper comprehension – Greater understanding.

22. Absence of digital distractions – Lack of electronic interruptions.

23. More deliberate pace – Slower and more intentional speed.

24. Preferred medium for educational purposes – Favored format for learning.

25. Part of the modern reading landscape – Component of contemporary reading habits.

26. Render printed books obsolete – Make physical books outdated.

27. Continued relevance and popularity – Ongoing significance and acceptance.

28. Relics of the past – Outdated objects from previous times.

29. Substantial value in our digital age – Significant worth in today’s tech-driven era.

Essay 2. Many people believe that social networking sites have a negative impact on individuals and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Version 1

Social networking sites have become an integral part of modern life, offering numerous benefits such as connecting people and providing a platform for sharing information. However, many believe that these sites have a negative impact on both individuals and society. I agree to a considerable extent with this viewpoint, as the drawbacks of social networking sites often outweigh their benefits.

One major negative impact of social networking sites on individuals is the potential for addiction. Many users find themselves spending excessive amounts of time on these platforms, often at the expense of their real-life responsibilities and relationships. This compulsive usage can lead to decreased productivity, disrupted sleep patterns, and even mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. For example, the constant comparison with others’ curated lives can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.

Moreover, social networking sites have been linked to a rise in cyberbullying and online harassment. The anonymity provided by these platforms can embolden individuals to engage in harmful behaviors that they might avoid in face-to-face interactions. Victims of cyberbullying often suffer from emotional distress, which can have severe consequences on their mental well-being. In extreme cases, this can lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts.

In addition to the individual impacts, social networking sites can negatively affect society as a whole. The spread of misinformation and fake news is a significant concern. These platforms can amplify false information rapidly, leading to widespread misconceptions and even social unrest. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation about the virus and vaccines proliferated on social media, contributing to public confusion and hindering effective public health responses.

Furthermore, social networking sites can contribute to societal polarization. Algorithms designed to increase user engagement often promote content that reinforces users’ existing beliefs and biases. This can create echo chambers where individuals are only exposed to information and opinions that align with their own, leading to a fragmented and polarized society. Such polarization can undermine social cohesion and make it more challenging to find common ground on important issues.

However, it is also important to acknowledge the positive aspects of social networking sites. They can facilitate communication, foster connections, and provide a platform for marginalized voices. Social media has been instrumental in organizing social movements and raising awareness about critical issues such as climate change and social justice. Despite these benefits, the negative impacts on mental health, the spread of misinformation, and societal polarization are significant concerns that cannot be overlooked.

In conclusion, while social networking sites offer certain advantages, their negative impacts on individuals and society are substantial. The potential for addiction, cyberbullying, misinformation, and societal polarization are critical issues that need to be addressed. Therefore, I agree to a considerable extent that social networking sites have a detrimental effect on both individuals and society.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Integral part – Essential component.

2. Considerable extent – To a large degree.

3. Drawbacks – Disadvantages or negative aspects.

4. Addiction – A compulsive need for and use of something.

5. Compulsive usage – Uncontrollable use.

6. Decreased productivity – Lowered output or efficiency.

7. Disrupted sleep patterns – Irregular sleep cycles.

8. Mental health issues – Psychological problems.

9. Curated lives – Carefully selected and presented aspects of life.

10. Feelings of inadequacy – Sensations of not being good enough.

11. Cyberbullying – Online harassment or bullying.

12. Emotional distress – Severe emotional suffering.

13. Self-harm – Deliberate injury to oneself.

14. Proliferated – Spread rapidly.

15. Public confusion – Widespread uncertainty among people.

16. Hindering effective responses – Impeding successful actions.

17. Societal polarization – Division within society.

18. Echo chambers – Environments where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own.

19. Social cohesion – The bonds that bring society together.

20. Marginalized voices – People whose opinions and experiences are often ignored or excluded.

21. Instrumental in organizing – Crucial for planning and executing.

22. Raising awareness – Increasing public knowledge and concern.

23. Critical issues – Extremely important matters.

24. Detrimental effect – Harmful impact.

Version 2

The rise of social networking sites has revolutionized the way we communicate and share information. While these platforms offer numerous benefits, there is a growing belief that they have a negative impact on individuals and society. I agree to a considerable extent with this view, as the adverse effects often outweigh the positive aspects.

One significant negative impact of social networking sites on individuals is the erosion of privacy. Users often share personal information without fully understanding the potential consequences. This data can be exploited by companies for targeted advertising or, worse, fall into the hands of malicious actors, leading to identity theft and other cybercrimes. Moreover, the permanence of online posts means that indiscretions made in the past can resurface, affecting personal and professional relationships.

Another issue is the addictive nature of social networking sites. Many individuals find themselves spending excessive amounts of time on these platforms, often at the expense of real-life interactions and responsibilities. This addiction can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, poor mental health, and strained relationships. For instance, constant exposure to carefully curated images and posts can foster feelings of inadequacy and jealousy, contributing to anxiety and depression.

In addition to individual impacts, social networking sites have broader societal implications. One major concern is the dissemination of misinformation. The rapid spread of false information on these platforms can lead to widespread misconceptions and even social unrest. During elections, for example, the proliferation of fake news can influence voter behavior and undermine democratic processes. Similarly, misinformation about health issues can lead to harmful practices and public health crises.

Moreover, social networking sites can exacerbate societal divisions. Algorithms designed to maximize user engagement often promote content that aligns with users’ existing beliefs, creating echo chambers. This can lead to increased polarization, as individuals become less exposed to differing viewpoints and more entrenched in their own. The result is a fragmented society where constructive dialogue and compromise become increasingly difficult.

However, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of social networking sites. These platforms facilitate global communication, allowing people to connect across distances and share diverse perspectives. They also provide a powerful tool for social activism, enabling movements to gain traction and effect change. Despite these benefits, the negative impacts on privacy, mental health, and societal cohesion are significant and cannot be ignored.

In conclusion, while social networking sites offer advantages such as global connectivity and social activism, their negative impacts on individuals and society are substantial. Issues such as privacy erosion, addiction, misinformation, and polarization highlight the need for careful consideration and management of these platforms. Therefore, I agree to a considerable extent that social networking sites have a detrimental effect on both individuals and society.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Revolutionized – Drastically changed or transformed.

2. Adverse effects – Negative impacts.

3. Erosion of privacy – Gradual loss of personal privacy.

4. Exploited – Taken advantage of.

5. Malicious actors – People who intend to cause harm.

6. Identity theft – Stealing someone’s personal information to commit fraud.

7. Indiscretions – Careless or foolish actions.

8. Addictive nature – Tendency to cause addiction.

9. Sedentary lifestyle – A way of life that involves little physical activity.

10. Strained relationships – Relationships that are under stress or tension.

11. Carefully curated images – Selectively presented pictures.

12. Dissemination of misinformation – Spreading false information.

13. Widespread misconceptions – Commonly held false beliefs.

14. Proliferation of fake news – Rapid increase in false news stories.

15. Undermine democratic processes – Weaken democratic systems.

16. Harmful practices – Actions that cause damage or harm.

17. Public health crises – Widespread health emergencies.

18. Exacerbate societal divisions – Worsen social divides.

19. Algorithms – Sets of rules or calculations used by computers.

20. Maximize user engagement – Increase user interaction.

21. Echo chambers – Environments where a person only hears opinions that reinforce their own.

22. Entrenched – Deeply established.

23. Fragmented society – A society that is divided.

24. Constructive dialogue – Productive conversation.

25. Compromise – An agreement reached by each side making concessions.

26. Facilitate global communication – Make worldwide communication easier.

27. Gain traction – Gather support and momentum.

28. Detrimental effect – Harmful impact.

Version 3

The advent of social networking sites has undeniably transformed the way we interact and share information. While these platforms offer various benefits, there is a widespread belief that they have a negative impact on both individuals and society. I largely agree with this perspective, as the detrimental effects often overshadow the positive aspects.

One of the primary negative impacts of social networking sites on individuals is the decline in face-to-face interactions. As people spend more time online, they often neglect real-world relationships, leading to weakened social bonds and a sense of isolation. For instance, individuals might opt to message friends or family through social media rather than meeting them in person, which can diminish the quality of those relationships. Furthermore, the constant comparison with others’ seemingly perfect lives can lead to feelings of inadequacy and depression.

Another significant issue is the pervasive nature of cyberbullying and online harassment. The anonymity provided by social networking sites can embolden users to engage in harmful behaviors that they would avoid in person. Victims of cyberbullying often experience severe emotional distress, which can lead to long-term psychological effects such as anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. The impact on teenagers and young adults can be particularly devastating, as they are more vulnerable to peer pressure and social validation.

Social networking sites also have broader societal implications. One major concern is the rapid dissemination of misinformation and fake news. These platforms can spread false information quickly, leading to public confusion and mistrust. During significant events such as elections or health crises, the proliferation of inaccurate information can have serious consequences, undermining public confidence in institutions and hindering effective decision-making.

Moreover, social networking sites contribute to societal polarization. Algorithms designed to increase user engagement often show content that aligns with users’ existing beliefs, creating echo chambers where individuals are exposed only to viewpoints that reinforce their own. This can lead to increased division and a lack of understanding between different groups, making constructive dialogue and compromise more challenging.

However, it is important to acknowledge the positive aspects of social networking sites. They facilitate global communication, allowing people to connect with others across the world and share diverse perspectives. These platforms also serve as powerful tools for social movements, enabling activists to organize, raise awareness, and mobilize support for various causes. Despite these benefits, the negative impacts on mental health, social cohesion, and the spread of misinformation are significant and cannot be overlooked.

In conclusion, while social networking sites offer advantages such as enhanced global connectivity and support for social causes, their negative impacts on individuals and society are considerable. The issues of reduced face-to-face interaction, cyberbullying, misinformation, and polarization highlight the need for careful management and regulation of these platforms. Therefore, I largely agree that social networking sites have a detrimental effect on both individuals and society.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Advent – The arrival or introduction of something.

2. Undeniably – Clearly true or certain.

3. Transformed – Changed significantly.

4. Widespread belief – Commonly held opinion.

5. Detrimental effects – Harmful impacts.

6. Decline in face-to-face interactions – Reduction in personal meetings.

7. Weakened social bonds – Reduced strength of personal relationships.

8. Sense of isolation – Feeling of being alone.

9. Seemingly perfect lives – Lives that appear ideal.

10. Inadequacy – Feeling of not being good enough.

11. Pervasive nature – Widespread existence.

12. Cyberbullying – Online harassment or bullying.

13. Embolden – Give confidence to act boldly.

14. Emotional distress – Severe emotional suffering.

15. Long-term psychological effects – Lasting mental impacts.

16. Peer pressure – Influence from members of one’s peer group.

17. Dissemination of misinformation – Spreading false information.

18. Proliferation of inaccurate information – Rapid increase in false news.

19. Undermining public confidence – Reducing trust in public institutions.

20. Societal polarization – Division within society.

21. Echo chambers – Environments where a person only hears opinions that reinforce their own.

22. Constructive dialogue – Productive conversation.

23. Global communication – Worldwide interaction.

24. Mobilize support – Gather and organize backing for a cause.

25. Social cohesion – The bonds that bring society together.

26. Careful management – Thoughtful handling. 27. Largely agree – Mostly concur or believe.

Essay 1. In education and employment, some people work harder than others. Why do some people work harder? Is it always a good thing to work hard?

Version 1

In the realms of education and employment, it is evident that some individuals exert more effort than others. This disparity in work ethic can be attributed to various factors, including personal motivation, socio-economic background, and individual aspirations. While working hard often yields significant benefits, it is essential to consider whether it is always advantageous to do so.

Several reasons explain why some people work harder than others. Firstly, personal motivation plays a crucial role. Individuals with a strong sense of purpose and clear goals are more likely to dedicate themselves to their studies or careers. For instance, a student aspiring to secure a scholarship or a professional aiming for a promotion is likely to put in extra effort to achieve these objectives. Secondly, socio-economic background can influence work ethic. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds may work harder to overcome barriers and improve their socio-economic status. The desire to break the cycle of poverty or to provide a better future for their families often drives these individuals to excel in education and employment.

Furthermore, individual aspirations and intrinsic motivation significantly impact one’s willingness to work hard. Some people are naturally more ambitious and driven, seeking personal fulfillment and self-actualization through their efforts. They derive satisfaction from achieving high standards and pushing their limits. Additionally, cultural values and upbringing can shape one’s attitude towards hard work. In cultures that emphasize diligence and perseverance, individuals may be more inclined to work harder.

However, it is important to consider whether working hard is always beneficial. On the one hand, a strong work ethic can lead to academic and professional success. Hardworking students are more likely to achieve high grades and gain admission to prestigious universities, while diligent employees often receive promotions and recognition. Moreover, the discipline and resilience developed through hard work can positively impact other areas of life.

On the other hand, an excessive focus on hard work can have negative consequences. Overworking can lead to burnout, stress, and mental health issues. The pursuit of success at the expense of personal well-being can result in a lack of work-life balance, strained relationships, and diminished overall quality of life. It is crucial to recognize that working smarter, not just harder, is essential for long-term success and well-being. Efficient time management, prioritizing tasks, and taking regular breaks can enhance productivity without compromising health.

In conclusion, various factors, including personal motivation, socio-economic background, and cultural values, contribute to why some people work harder than others in education and employment. While working hard often leads to significant achievements, it is not always beneficial if it comes at the expense of personal well-being. Striking a balance between diligence and self-care is key to achieving sustainable success and maintaining a high quality of life.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Exert more effort – Put in more work.

2. Disparity in work ethic – Difference in dedication to work.

3. Personal motivation – Individual drive to achieve goals.

4. Socio-economic background – Social and economic status.

5. Individual aspirations – Personal goals or ambitions.

6. Intrinsic motivation – Internal drive or desire.

7. Self-actualization – Realization of one’s potential.

8. Break the cycle of poverty – Overcome poverty.

9. Cultural values – Beliefs and principles of a society.

10. Diligence and perseverance – Hard work and persistence.

11. Work ethic – Attitude towards work.

12. Academic and professional success – Achievements in education and career.

13. Burnout – Physical or mental collapse due to overwork.

14. Work-life balance – Equilibrium between work and personal life.

15. Strained relationships – Relationships under stress.

16. Diminished overall quality of life – Reduced life satisfaction.

17. Working smarter – Using efficient methods to achieve goals.

18. Efficient time management – Effective use of time.

19. Sustainable success – Long-term achievement.

20. Self-care – Taking care of one’s well-being.

Version 2

In the spheres of education and employment, it is noticeable that some individuals put in significantly more effort than others. This variance in work intensity can be explained by several factors, including personal drive, socio-economic circumstances, and individual goals. While hard work often brings considerable rewards, it is worth examining whether it is always advantageous.

There are various reasons why some people work harder than others. Firstly, personal drive and ambition play a crucial role. Individuals with clear objectives and a strong determination to achieve them are more likely to invest extra effort in their studies or jobs. For instance, a student striving for top grades to secure a place at a prestigious university or an employee aiming for a promotion will naturally work harder. Secondly, socio-economic circumstances can influence one’s work ethic. Those from less privileged backgrounds might feel compelled to work harder to improve their living conditions and break free from financial constraints. The desire to provide better opportunities for their families can be a powerful motivator.

Additionally, individual goals and intrinsic motivation significantly impact the level of effort people are willing to put in. Some individuals are driven by personal satisfaction and the desire to excel, seeking fulfillment through their accomplishments. Cultural influences and upbringing also play a role, as societies that value hard work and perseverance often instill these traits in their members from a young age. In such environments, working hard is not just encouraged but expected.

However, it is important to consider whether working hard is always beneficial. On one hand, a strong work ethic can lead to remarkable achievements in both education and career. Hardworking students are more likely to excel academically, and diligent employees often advance more quickly in their careers. Moreover, the skills and discipline developed through hard work can positively influence other aspects of life.

On the other hand, an excessive focus on hard work can have detrimental effects. Overworking can result in burnout, stress, and mental health issues. The constant pursuit of success without adequate rest can disrupt work-life balance and strain personal relationships. It is essential to recognize that working efficiently and managing time effectively are just as important as working hard. Finding ways to work smarter, not just harder, can lead to sustainable productivity and well-being.

In conclusion, the reasons why some people work harder than others include personal ambition, socio-economic factors, and cultural influences. While hard work often leads to significant benefits, it is not always advantageous if it compromises personal well-being. Balancing diligence with self-care and efficient work practices is crucial for achieving long-term success and maintaining a high quality of life.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Spheres of education and employment – Areas of schooling and work.

2. Variance in work intensity – Difference in the amount of effort.

3. Personal drive – Individual motivation.

4. Socio-economic circumstances – Financial and social conditions.

5. Clear objectives – Well-defined goals.

6. Invest extra effort – Put in additional work.

7. Financial constraints – Economic limitations.

8. Intrinsic motivation – Internal drive or desire.

9. Cultural influences – Impact of societal norms and values.

10. Instill these traits – Teach these qualities.

11. Remarkable achievements – Significant accomplishments.

12. Excel academically – Perform exceptionally well in school.

13. Advance more quickly in their careers – Progress faster in their jobs.

14. Skills and discipline – Abilities and self-control.

15. Detrimental effects – Harmful impacts.

16. Burnout – Physical or mental collapse due to overwork.

17. Disrupt work-life balance – Upset the equilibrium between work and personal life.

18. Strain personal relationships – Put pressure on personal connections.

19. Work efficiently – Use time and resources effectively.

20. Sustainable productivity – Long-term effectiveness.

21. Long-term success – Lasting achievement.

22. High quality of life – Good standard of living.

Version 3

In both educational and professional settings, it is evident that some individuals exert more effort than others. This disparity in work ethic can be attributed to a variety of factors, including personal motivation, socio-economic background, and individual aspirations. While working hard is often viewed as a virtue, it is important to consider whether it is always beneficial.

Several reasons explain why some people work harder than others. Firstly, personal motivation plays a significant role. Individuals who are highly motivated by their goals and ambitions are likely to put in more effort. For instance, a student aiming for a scholarship or a professional seeking a promotion is driven by the desire to achieve these objectives. Secondly, socio-economic background can influence work ethic. People from disadvantaged backgrounds might work harder to overcome financial barriers and improve their living standards. The need to secure a stable future and provide for their families often drives them to excel in their endeavors.

Additionally, cultural and societal factors can impact how hard individuals work. In cultures that prioritize diligence and perseverance, people are often encouraged to work hard from a young age. These cultural norms instill a strong work ethic, which can persist throughout a person’s life. Furthermore, some individuals possess an intrinsic motivation to excel and derive satisfaction from their accomplishments, pushing them to work harder.

However, it is crucial to evaluate whether working hard is always advantageous. On the one hand, a strong work ethic can lead to significant achievements and personal growth. Hardworking students often achieve academic success, while diligent employees are more likely to advance in their careers. The discipline and skills developed through hard work can also benefit other areas of life.

On the other hand, excessive hard work can have negative consequences. Overworking can lead to burnout, stress, and a decline in mental health. The constant pressure to succeed without sufficient rest can disrupt work-life balance and strain personal relationships. It is essential to recognize that working smart, not just hard, is key to sustainable success. Efficient time management, setting realistic goals, and taking regular breaks can enhance productivity and well-being without compromising health.

In conclusion, the reasons why some people work harder than others include personal motivation, socio-economic factors, and cultural influences. While hard work can lead to notable accomplishments, it is not always beneficial if it compromises personal well-being. Balancing hard work with self-care and efficient work practices is vital for achieving long-term success and maintaining a high quality of life.

 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Writing

1. Exert more effort – Put in more work.

2. Disparity in work ethic – Difference in dedication to work.

3. Personal motivation – Individual drive to achieve goals.

4. Socio-economic background – Social and economic status.

5. Individual aspirations – Personal goals or ambitions.

6. Intrinsic motivation – Internal drive or desire.

7. Cultural and societal factors – Influences from society and culture.

8. Prioritize diligence and perseverance – Value hard work and persistence.

9. Instill a strong work ethic – Teach dedication to work.

10. Personal growth – Development and improvement of oneself.

11. Notable accomplishments – Significant achievements.

12. Decline in mental health – Worsening of psychological well-being.

13. Disrupt work-life balance – Upset the equilibrium between work and personal life.

14. Strain personal relationships – Put pressure on personal connections.

15. Working smart – Using efficient methods to achieve goals.

16. Sustainable success – Long-term achievement.

17. Efficient time management – Effective use of time.

18. Setting realistic goals – Establishing achievable objectives.

19. Enhance productivity and well-being – Improve efficiency and health.

20. Compromising health – Harming physical or mental well-being.

21. High quality of life – Good standard of living.