Tag: IELTS Questions

Essay 17. Some people think that zoos are cruel and should be closed down. Others, however, believe that zoos can be beneficial for protecting endangered animals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Version 1

Zoos have long been a topic of debate, with some people arguing that they are cruel and should be closed down, while others believe that zoos play a crucial role in protecting endangered animals. This essay will discuss both perspectives and offer an opinion on the matter.

On one hand, critics argue that zoos are inherently cruel to animals. They contend that confining animals to enclosures, often far smaller than their natural habitats, leads to physical and psychological stress. Animals in zoos may exhibit signs of distress, such as pacing, self-mutilation, and other abnormal behaviors, which are rarely seen in the wild. This behavior, known as “zoochosis,” suggests that captivity can be detrimental to animal welfare. Moreover, critics highlight that some zoos fail to provide adequate living conditions, proper nutrition, and medical care, further exacerbating the suffering of the animals.

Additionally, opponents of zoos argue that the primary motive of many zoos is profit rather than conservation. They point out that the commercialization of wildlife can lead to unethical practices, such as the capture of wild animals, breeding programs that do not prioritize genetic diversity, and the exploitation of animals for entertainment purposes. These practices can undermine the conservation messages that zoos claim to promote, making the existence of such institutions morally questionable.

On the other hand, supporters of zoos argue that they play a vital role in the conservation of endangered species. Zoos often participate in breeding programs aimed at increasing the population of species that are at risk of extinction. These programs can be successful in preserving genetic diversity and ensuring the survival of species that might otherwise disappear. For example, the California condor and the Arabian oryx are notable success stories of species that have been brought back from the brink of extinction through zoo-led conservation efforts.

Furthermore, zoos can serve as important educational platforms. They provide visitors, especially children, with the opportunity to learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation. This educational aspect can foster a sense of connection to the natural world and inspire future generations to support and engage in conservation efforts. Additionally, many zoos contribute to scientific research by studying animal behavior, genetics, and health, which can provide valuable insights for conservation strategies in the wild.

In my opinion, while the ethical concerns raised by critics are valid, the potential benefits of zoos in terms of conservation and education cannot be overlooked. It is crucial, however, that zoos adhere to the highest standards of animal welfare and focus on genuine conservation efforts rather than profit. Zoos should be regularly inspected and held accountable to ensure that they provide suitable habitats, proper care, and meaningful educational experiences. By doing so, zoos can fulfill their role as sanctuaries for endangered species and educators for the public while minimizing the ethical dilemmas associated with captivity.

In conclusion, the debate over zoos is complex, involving valid arguments on both sides. While some view zoos as cruel and outdated institutions, others see them as vital for the protection of endangered animals and education. Striking a balance between these perspectives requires rigorous standards and a genuine commitment to animal welfare and conservation.

 Vocabulary with Definitions

1. Confining: Restricting someone or something within limits.

2. Enclosures: Areas surrounded by a barrier where animals are kept.

3. Psychological stress: Mental strain or anxiety.

4. Zoochosis: Abnormal behavior exhibited by animals in captivity.

5. Detrimental: Tending to cause harm.

6. Exacerbating: Making a problem or negative situation worse.

7. Conservation: The protection and preservation of the natural environment and wildlife.

8. Genetic diversity: The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

9. Ethical: Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

10. Commercialization: The process of managing or running something principally for financial gain.

11. Exploitation: The action of making use of and benefiting from resources.

12. Educational platforms: Systems or structures used for educational purposes.

13. Sanctuaries: Places of refuge or safety, especially for animals.

14. Insights: An accurate and deep understanding of a complex situation or problem.

15. Accountable: Required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible.

Version 2

The existence of zoos has sparked a long-standing debate, with some individuals asserting that zoos are inhumane and should be shut down, while others argue that zoos serve an essential role in conserving endangered species. This essay will examine both viewpoints and present an opinion on the issue.

Critics of zoos argue that they are fundamentally cruel to animals. They claim that confining animals to enclosures, which are often much smaller than their natural habitats, results in physical and psychological distress. Animals in zoos frequently display signs of stress, such as pacing, self-harm, and other abnormal behaviors rarely observed in the wild. This condition, referred to as “zoochosis,” indicates that captivity can be harmful to animal well-being. Furthermore, detractors highlight that some zoos do not provide adequate living conditions, proper nutrition, or medical care, exacerbating the animals’ suffering.

Opponents also contend that the primary objective of many zoos is profit rather than conservation. They argue that the commercialization of wildlife leads to unethical practices, such as capturing wild animals, conducting breeding programs without prioritizing genetic diversity, and exploiting animals for entertainment. These practices can undermine the conservation messages that zoos claim to advocate, raising ethical concerns about the existence of such institutions.

Conversely, proponents of zoos argue that they play a critical role in the conservation of endangered species. Zoos often engage in breeding programs designed to boost the populations of at-risk species. These initiatives can be successful in preserving genetic diversity and ensuring the survival of species that might otherwise face extinction. Notable success stories include the California condor and the Arabian oryx, both of which were saved from extinction through zoo-led conservation efforts.

Moreover, zoos serve as valuable educational resources. They offer visitors, particularly children, the chance to learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation. This educational aspect can foster a sense of connection to the natural world and inspire future generations to support conservation efforts. Additionally, many zoos contribute to scientific research by studying animal behavior, genetics, and health, providing insights that can inform conservation strategies in the wild.

In my view, while the ethical concerns raised by critics are valid, the potential benefits of zoos in terms of conservation and education should not be dismissed. It is imperative that zoos maintain the highest standards of animal welfare and focus genuinely on conservation rather than profit. Zoos should be regularly inspected and held accountable to ensure they provide appropriate habitats, adequate care, and meaningful educational experiences. By doing so, zoos can fulfill their role as sanctuaries for endangered species and educational institutions for the public while addressing the ethical issues associated with captivity.

In conclusion, the debate over zoos is multifaceted, with compelling arguments on both sides. While some view zoos as inhumane and outdated, others see them as essential for protecting endangered animals and educating the public. Achieving a balance between these perspectives requires stringent standards and a genuine commitment to animal welfare and conservation.

 Vocabulary with Definitions

1. Inhumane: Lacking compassion and causing suffering.

2. Enclosures: Areas surrounded by barriers where animals are kept.

3. Psychological distress: Mental suffering or anxiety.

4. Zoochosis: Abnormal behavior exhibited by animals in captivity.

5. Detractors: People who criticize or oppose something.

6. Exacerbating: Making a situation worse.

7. Conservation: The protection and preservation of the natural environment and wildlife.

8. Genetic diversity: The variety of genes within a particular species.

9. Commercialization: The process of managing or running something for financial gain.

10. Exploiting: Taking unfair advantage of a resource.

11. Educational resources: Tools or materials used for educational purposes.

12. Sanctuaries: Places of refuge or safety, especially for animals.

13. Insights: Deep understanding of a complex situation or problem.

14. Accountable: Required to justify actions or decisions; responsible.

15. Multifaceted: Having many aspects or sides.

Version 3

 The role of zoos in modern society is a contentious issue, with some people asserting that zoos are inherently cruel and should be abolished, while others believe that zoos are vital for the protection of endangered species. This essay will explore both perspectives and provide a personal viewpoint on the matter.

Those who argue against zoos often highlight the ethical issues associated with keeping animals in captivity. They believe that confining animals to small, artificial environments deprives them of their natural behaviors and habitats, leading to physical and psychological suffering. Animals in zoos may exhibit signs of distress such as repetitive pacing, self-harm, and other abnormal behaviors, collectively known as “zoochosis.” These behaviors suggest that the animals are unable to cope with the stress of captivity. Additionally, critics point out that some zoos fail to meet basic standards of animal welfare, providing inadequate space, poor nutrition, and insufficient medical care.

Moreover, opponents of zoos argue that many of these institutions prioritize profit over animal welfare and conservation. The commercialization of wildlife often results in unethical practices, such as capturing animals from the wild, engaging in inbreeding, and using animals for entertainment purposes. These actions not only compromise the well-being of the animals but also undermine the educational and conservation goals that zoos claim to support.

On the other hand, supporters of zoos contend that these institutions play a crucial role in the conservation of endangered species. Zoos participate in breeding programs designed to increase the populations of species at risk of extinction. These programs can be successful in preserving genetic diversity and preventing the loss of biodiversity. For example, species such as the giant panda and the black-footed ferret have been saved from extinction through the concerted efforts of zoos around the world.

In addition to their conservation efforts, zoos serve as important educational venues. They provide the public, especially children, with the opportunity to learn about wildlife and the importance of conservation firsthand. This educational aspect can inspire people to support conservation initiatives and foster a greater appreciation for the natural world. Furthermore, zoos contribute to scientific research by studying animal behavior, genetics, and health, offering valuable insights that can aid in the development of effective conservation strategies in the wild.

In my opinion, while the ethical concerns surrounding zoos are valid and should not be ignored, the benefits that zoos offer in terms of conservation and education are significant. It is essential that zoos adhere to the highest standards of animal welfare and focus on their conservation missions rather than purely on profit. Regular inspections and accountability measures should be implemented to ensure that zoos provide suitable habitats, proper care, and meaningful educational experiences. By doing so, zoos can fulfill their role as sanctuaries for endangered species and as centers of learning for the public, while addressing the ethical issues associated with keeping animals in captivity.

In conclusion, the debate over the existence of zoos is complex, with strong arguments on both sides. While some see zoos as cruel institutions that should be closed, others recognize their importance in protecting endangered animals and educating the public. Finding a balance between these viewpoints requires strict adherence to animal welfare standards and a genuine commitment to conservation.

 Vocabulary with Definitions

1. Contentious: Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

2. Abolished: Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).

3. Artificial environments: Man-made surroundings that are different from natural habitats.

4. Deprives: Denies the possession or use of something.

5. Zoochosis: Abnormal behavior exhibited by animals in captivity.

6. Conservation: The protection and preservation of the natural environment and wildlife.

7. Biodiversity: The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.

8. Inbreeding: The breeding of closely related individuals, often leading to a decrease in genetic diversity.

9. Commercialization: The process of managing or running something principally for financial gain.

10. Venues: Places where events or activities are held.

11. Sanctuaries: Places of refuge or safety, especially for animals.

12. Insights: Deep understanding of a complex situation or problem.

13. Accountability measures: Actions or policies designed to ensure responsibility and transparency.

14. Adhere: Stick fast to (a surface or substance); believe in and follow the practices of. 15. Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

IELTS Speaking Real Test 2024: Sample Cue Card and Part 3 Questions

IELTS Speaking Test 2024: Part 2 & 3 Questions
Part 2: Describe a time when you missed or were late for an important meeting/event
You should say:
– When it happened
– What happened
– Why you missed/were late for it
– And explain how you felt about this experience
Part 3: Follow-up Questions
1. Are you a punctual person?
2. Do you think it is important to be on time?
3. Do you always avoid being late?
4. Why are people often late for meetings or appointments?
5. Are people in your country often late for meetings?
6. Do you think people are born with time management skills, or can they develop them?

Answer:

When it happened:
This incident happened about six months ago, during the middle of the academic semester. I had an important meeting scheduled with colleagues from a neighboring university to discuss potential collaboration on a joint research project. The project was aimed at developing innovative teaching methods, and this meeting was crucial for outlining our plans and distributing responsibilities.

What happened:
On the day of the meeting, I left my house with ample time to spare, as I always prefer to arrive early for important engagements. However, en route to the university, I encountered an unexpected roadblock due to a major traffic accident. The traffic was at a complete standstill, and there was no way to bypass it. I tried to stay calm and look for alternative routes using my GPS, but every possible detour was also heavily congested. Despite my best efforts to navigate through the traffic, I ended up being significantly delayed.

Why you missed/were late for it:
The primary reason for my tardiness was the unforeseen traffic accident that caused a major delay. Additionally, my usual route to the university did not have any viable detours, which compounded the problem. Despite leaving early and planning ahead, I had no control over the traffic situation that morning. To make matters worse, my phone’s battery died, leaving me unable to inform my colleagues about my delay in real-time.

And explain how you felt about this experience:
I felt incredibly anxious and frustrated as I watched the minutes tick by while stuck in traffic. I had meticulously prepared for the meeting, including compiling all the necessary documents and presentation materials. Being late felt like a personal failure, as punctuality is something I take very seriously. When I finally arrived at the meeting, about 45 minutes late, I apologized profusely to my colleagues and explained the situation. They were understanding, but I couldn’t shake off the feeling of embarrassment and disappointment for not being able to adhere to the schedule. This experience taught me the importance of accounting for unexpected delays and reinforced my commitment to punctuality. Additionally, it made me realize the value of having contingency plans, such as carrying a portable phone charger and keeping alternative contact numbers handy. In the future, I resolved to leave even earlier and to always have a backup plan to mitigate such unforeseen circumstances.

Part 3: Follow-up Questions

1. Are you a punctual person?

Yes, I consider myself to be a very punctual person. Punctuality is a trait I value highly, both in my personal and professional life. I believe that being on time is a reflection of respect for others’ time and commitments. It shows that I am reliable and take my responsibilities seriously. Therefore, I make it a priority to arrive early or on time for all my engagements.

2. Do you think it is important to be on time?

Absolutely. Being on time is crucial in maintaining professionalism and building trust. It demonstrates reliability and respect for other people’s schedules. In professional settings, punctuality can impact productivity and the overall success of projects. It sets a positive tone and ensures that meetings and appointments run smoothly. In personal relationships, being on time shows that you value and respect the other person’s time, which is fundamental in building strong, trustworthy relationships.

3. Do you always avoid being late?

I make every effort to avoid being late. I plan my day meticulously, accounting for potential delays by leaving early and having alternative routes in mind. However, despite my best efforts, there are occasions when unforeseen circumstances, such as traffic jams or public transportation delays, make it challenging to be on time. Nonetheless, I always communicate any delays promptly to minimize any inconvenience caused.

4. Why are people often late for meetings or appointments?

People are often late for meetings or appointments due to various reasons. Poor time management is a common factor, where individuals underestimate the time required to complete tasks or travel to a destination. Unforeseen circumstances, such as traffic congestion, weather conditions, or public transportation issues, can also cause delays. Additionally, some people may have a cultural perception of time that is more relaxed, leading them to prioritize other tasks over punctuality.

5. Are people in your country often late for meetings?

In my country, the emphasis on punctuality varies. In professional settings, people generally strive to be on time, understanding the importance of punctuality for productivity and professionalism. However, in more casual or social settings, there can be a more relaxed attitude towards time, and people may arrive a bit late. Cultural norms and individual habits play a significant role in this variability.

6. Do you think people are born with time management skills, or can they develop them?

I believe that time management skills can be developed rather than being innate. While some individuals may have a natural inclination towards being organized, most people can improve their time management abilities through practice and discipline. Techniques such as setting priorities, breaking tasks into manageable steps, and using tools like planners and reminders can help individuals enhance their time management skills. Education and consistent practice are key to developing effective time management habits.

Band 9 Vocabulary and Phrases:

  1. Ample time to spare – Having more than enough time available.
  2. En route – On the way.
  3. Encountered an unexpected roadblock – Faced an unforeseen obstacle.
  4. Traffic was at a complete standstill – Traffic was not moving at all.
  5. Viable detours – Usable alternative routes.
  6. Meticulously prepared – Prepared with great attention to detail.
  7. Punctuality – Being on time.
  8. Congested – Overcrowded with traffic.
  9. Anxious and frustrated – Feeling worried and annoyed.
  10. Real-time – Instantly, as things happen.
  11. Contingency plans – Backup plans in case something goes wrong.
  12. Profusely apologized – Apologized a lot.
  13. Mitigate unforeseen circumstances – Reduce the impact of unexpected events.

Essay 12. Some people believe that government should support artists (such as painters, musicians, and poets) financially. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Version 1

The arts, encompassing painters, musicians, and poets, are often seen as a reflection of cultural heritage and societal values. While some argue that government financial support for artists is essential, others believe that such funding should come from private sources. This essay will explore the reasons why government support is crucial for the arts and why I strongly agree with this perspective.

Firstly, government funding can provide artists with the financial stability necessary to pursue their creative endeavors. Unlike commercial enterprises, artistic projects often do not generate immediate or substantial profits, making it difficult for artists to sustain themselves without external support. For instance, many renowned artists, such as Vincent van Gogh, struggled financially during their lifetimes. Government grants and subsidies can alleviate these financial burdens, allowing artists to focus on their work without the constant worry of economic survival.

Secondly, supporting the arts through government funding promotes cultural enrichment and societal well-being. Art in all its forms enhances the quality of life, offering people a means to express themselves, explore new ideas, and connect with others on a deeper level. For example, public funding for music programs in schools has been shown to improve students’ academic performance and social skills. By investing in the arts, governments can foster a more educated, empathetic, and culturally aware society.

Furthermore, government support for the arts can lead to significant economic benefits. Cultural tourism, driven by museums, galleries, and performances, attracts visitors from around the world, boosting local economies. Cities like Paris and New York, known for their vibrant arts scenes, benefit immensely from the influx of tourists seeking cultural experiences. By funding artists, governments can stimulate economic growth and create job opportunities in related sectors, such as hospitality and retail.

In conclusion, government financial support for artists is essential for providing them with the stability to create, enriching society culturally, and driving economic growth. While private funding also plays a role, it is the responsibility of governments to ensure that the arts continue to thrive for the benefit of all. Therefore, I strongly agree that artists should receive financial support from the government.

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 Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Encompassing: Including or covering a wide range of subjects or areas.

2. Cultural heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society inherited from past generations.

3. Perspective: A particular attitude towards or way of regarding something; a point of view.

4. Financial stability: The ability to maintain a steady income or capital to support oneself.

5. Creative endeavors: Activities that involve the use of imagination and original ideas, especially in the production of artistic work.

6. Commercial enterprises: Businesses or companies that aim to make a profit.

7. Renowned: Known or talked about by many people; famous.

8. Grants and subsidies: Financial aid provided by the government to support specific activities or industries.

9. Alleviate: To make something less severe or intense.

10. Economic survival: The ability to maintain financial viability.

11. Cultural enrichment: The process of improving the quality of life through exposure to the arts and culture.

12. Societal well-being: The overall happiness, health, and prosperity of a society.

13. Empathetic: The ability to understand and share the feelings of others.

14. Culturally aware: Being knowledgeable about and respectful of different cultures and their practices.

15. Cultural tourism: Tourism that focuses on experiencing the culture of a place, including its arts, history, and lifestyle.

16. Stimulate economic growth: To encourage the development and expansion of the economy.

17. Influx: An arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things.

18. Vibrant: Full of energy and life.

19. Thrive: To grow or develop well or vigorously.

Version 2

Some people believe that government should support artists (such as painters, musicians, and poets) financially. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Artistic endeavors, including those by painters, musicians, and poets, are fundamental to a society’s cultural fabric. While there is debate over whether the government should provide financial support to these artists, I firmly believe that such support is necessary. This essay will discuss how government funding can enhance artistic innovation, ensure cultural preservation, and support artists in reaching a broader audience.

To begin with, government funding plays a pivotal role in fostering artistic innovation. Without financial constraints, artists can experiment with new forms and techniques, leading to groundbreaking work that might otherwise remain unexplored. For example, many experimental art projects, which push the boundaries of traditional mediums, often rely on grants and subsidies. By providing financial aid, governments can encourage a thriving and dynamic arts scene that continuously evolves and inspires.

Moreover, government support is essential for the preservation of cultural heritage. Traditional art forms, which are often at risk of being forgotten, can be maintained and promoted through targeted funding. For instance, indigenous music and dance, which are integral to a community’s identity, can be kept alive through government-sponsored programs. This not only preserves the cultural diversity of a nation but also educates future generations about their heritage, fostering a sense of pride and continuity.

Additionally, government funding can help artists reach a wider audience, democratizing access to the arts. Public funding can support initiatives like free exhibitions, concerts, and workshops, making art accessible to all, regardless of socio-economic status. For example, many community arts programs, funded by government grants, provide free or low-cost opportunities for people to engage with the arts. This inclusivity ensures that everyone can benefit from the enrichment that the arts provide, promoting social cohesion and mutual understanding.

In conclusion, government financial support for artists is crucial for fostering innovation, preserving cultural heritage, and ensuring broad access to the arts. While private funding is also valuable, it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that the arts thrive and remain an integral part of society. Therefore, I strongly support the idea that artists should receive financial assistance from the government.

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 Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Artistic endeavors: Activities involving the creation of art.

2. Cultural fabric: The cultural characteristics and attributes that make up a society.

3. Fundamental: Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.

4. Pivotal: Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.

5. Innovation: The introduction of new ideas, methods, or products.

6. Constraints: Limitations or restrictions.

7. Groundbreaking: Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative.

8. Subsidies: Financial support provided to help an organization or industry.

9. Dynamic: Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress.

10. Cultural heritage: The traditions, values, and artifacts handed down by previous generations.

11. Traditional art forms: Established methods of artistic expression that are characteristic of a specific culture or society.

12. Indigenous: Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

13. Cultural diversity: The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

14. Democratizing: Making something accessible to everyone.

15. Socio-economic status: A person’s economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

16. Inclusivity: The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized.

17. Social cohesion: The bonds that bring society together; the willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each other.

18. Mutual understanding: The recognition and comprehension of others’ perspectives and feelings.

Version 3

The role of government in supporting the arts, including painting, music, and poetry, has long been a subject of debate. While some argue that public funds should not be used to support artists, I firmly believe that government assistance is essential for several reasons. This essay will examine how such funding can promote cultural diversity, stimulate economic growth, and ensure equitable access to the arts.

Firstly, government funding for the arts is crucial in promoting cultural diversity. In many cases, niche and avant-garde art forms do not receive sufficient support from the private sector due to their limited commercial appeal. For instance, traditional folk music or contemporary dance performances often struggle to attract sponsorship. By allocating public funds to these art forms, governments can ensure that a wide range of cultural expressions are preserved and promoted, enriching the cultural tapestry of society.

Secondly, investing in the arts can stimulate economic growth. The arts sector is not only about cultural enrichment but also about economic benefits. For example, cities known for their vibrant arts scenes, such as London and Berlin, attract millions of tourists each year, generating significant revenue for local businesses. Additionally, government-funded arts programs can create jobs for artists, performers, and support staff, contributing to the overall economy. Thus, public investment in the arts can yield substantial economic returns.

Moreover, government support ensures equitable access to the arts. Without public funding, access to artistic experiences would be limited to those who can afford them, creating a cultural divide. For example, government-funded programs that offer free or low-cost access to museums, theaters, and concerts enable people from all socio-economic backgrounds to enjoy and benefit from the arts. This democratization of the arts helps to foster a more inclusive society where everyone has the opportunity to engage with and appreciate cultural activities.

In conclusion, government financial support for artists is essential for promoting cultural diversity, stimulating economic growth, and ensuring equitable access to the arts. While private funding has its place, it is the responsibility of governments to ensure that the arts remain vibrant and accessible to all. Therefore, I strongly support the notion that artists should receive financial assistance from the government.

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 Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Subject of debate: A topic that is widely discussed and often has differing opinions.

2. Public funds: Money that is generated by the government through taxation and other means to be used for public services.

3. Assistance: Support or help provided to someone or something.

4. Cultural diversity: The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

5. Niche: A specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service.

6. Avant-garde: New and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts.

7. Commercial appeal: The potential to attract a large number of customers or audience members, leading to profitability.

8. Tapestry: Used metaphorically to describe a complex and intricate combination of elements.

9. Economic growth: An increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over time.

10. Revenue: Income generated from normal business operations or other sources.

11. Vibrant: Full of energy and life.

12. Substantial: Of considerable importance, size, or worth.

13. Equitable: Fair and impartial.

14. Cultural divide: A gap between different cultural or social groups.

15. Democratization: The action of making something accessible to everyone.

16. Inclusive: Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required.

17. Engage: Participate or become involved in.

Version 4

The arts, encompassing painting, music, and poetry, play a crucial role in reflecting and shaping cultural identity. Although some argue against the use of public funds for supporting artists, I strongly believe that government funding is vital. This essay will explore how state aid can foster artistic creativity, preserve cultural heritage, and ensure that the arts are accessible to everyone.

To begin with, public funding is essential for nurturing artistic creativity. Artists often face financial constraints that hinder their ability to innovate and produce groundbreaking work. For instance, experimental art forms that challenge conventional boundaries frequently struggle to attract private investment due to their niche appeal. Government grants and subsidies can provide artists with the resources they need to explore new techniques and ideas, thereby enriching the cultural landscape.

Furthermore, state support is crucial for preserving cultural heritage. Many traditional art forms are at risk of being lost without adequate financial backing. For example, indigenous crafts, folk music, and classical dance forms often rely on government funding to survive. By investing in these cultural expressions, governments can ensure their continued existence and promote cultural diversity. This not only benefits the present generation but also preserves a rich cultural legacy for future generations.

Additionally, government funding helps democratize access to the arts. Without public support, many artistic events and programs would be inaccessible to those with limited financial means. State-sponsored initiatives, such as free exhibitions, community workshops, and subsidized theater tickets, enable people from all walks of life to experience and appreciate the arts. This inclusive approach fosters social cohesion and a greater appreciation of cultural diversity.

In conclusion, government financial support for artists is indispensable for fostering creativity, preserving cultural heritage, and ensuring equitable access to the arts. While private funding also has its place, it is the responsibility of the state to ensure that the arts remain a vibrant and integral part of society. Therefore, I unequivocally support the notion that artists should receive financial assistance from the government.

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 Glossary for Band 9 Vocabulary

1. Encompassing: Including or covering a wide range of subjects or areas.

2. Cultural identity: The identity or feeling of belonging to a group based on shared cultural traits.

3. State aid: Financial support provided by the government.

4. Nurturing: Providing support and encouragement for growth and development.

5. Constraints: Limitations or restrictions.

6. Groundbreaking: Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative.

7. Subsidies: Financial assistance provided by the government.

8. Cultural landscape: The cultural environment shaped by a community’s traditions, values, and artistic expressions.

9. Preserving: Maintaining something in its original or existing state.

10. Indigenous: Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

11. Cultural diversity: The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

12. Legacy: Something handed down from one generation to the next.

13. Democratize: Make something accessible to everyone.

14. Inclusive: Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required.

15. Social cohesion: The bonds that bring society together; the willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each other.

16. Unequivocally: In a way that leaves no doubt; unambiguously.

Card 43; IELTS Speaking practice: Perfect band 9 answer for part 2 and part 3 cue card on a time when you tried a new food for the first time.

Describe a time when you tried a new food for the first time.

One memorable time when I tried a new food for the first time was during a trip to Thailand. The food I tried was a traditional Thai dish called “som tam,” which is a spicy green papaya salad.

I tried it at a local street market in Bangkok, renowned for its vibrant food stalls and diverse culinary offerings. The atmosphere was bustling, with the enticing aroma of various street foods filling the air. I was with a group of friends who were also eager to explore the local cuisine.

I felt a mix of excitement and apprehension about trying som tam. I had heard about its distinctive flavor profile, which combines spicy, sour, sweet, and salty tastes, but I was unsure how my palate would respond to such a bold combination. When I took my first bite, the explosion of flavors was both surprising and delightful. The crunchiness of the green papaya, the heat from the chilies, the tanginess of the lime, and the subtle sweetness from the palm sugar created a harmonious blend that was unlike anything I had tasted before.

I would definitely eat som tam again. It was a refreshing and invigorating dish that left a lasting impression on me. The experience of trying it in its authentic setting made it even more special, and it opened my eyes to the rich and complex flavors of Thai cuisine.

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 Part 3

1. Why do people like to try new foods?

People like to try new foods for various reasons, including curiosity, the desire for new experiences, and the opportunity to expand their culinary horizons. Trying new foods can also be a way to connect with different cultures and traditions. For many, it is an adventure that stimulates the senses and breaks the monotony of their regular diet.

2. How can trying new foods benefit people?

Trying new foods can benefit people by enhancing their appreciation for different cultures and cuisines. It can introduce them to a variety of nutrients and flavors, promoting a more balanced and diverse diet. Additionally, it can make dining experiences more enjoyable and foster a sense of culinary adventure. Exploring new foods can also encourage social interactions and bonding over shared meals.

3. What are some popular foods in your country?

In Azerbaijan, some popular foods include “plov” (a fragrant rice dish often served with meat and vegetables), “dolma” (grape leaves stuffed with minced meat and rice), “kebabs” (grilled meat skewers), and “lavash” (a traditional flatbread). Azerbaijani cuisine is known for its rich flavors and use of fresh, local ingredients. Sweets like “baklava” and “shekerbura” are also widely enjoyed, especially during festive occasions.

4. How do cultural backgrounds influence people’s food preferences?

Cultural backgrounds significantly influence people’s food preferences by shaping their tastes, dietary habits, and cooking methods. Traditional foods and family recipes often hold sentimental value and are passed down through generations. Cultural practices, religious beliefs, and regional availability of ingredients also play a role in determining what people eat and how they prepare their meals. These influences create a sense of identity and continuity within a culture.

5. Do you think people are becoming more adventurous with their food choices? Why or why not?

Yes, I believe people are becoming more adventurous with their food choices. Globalization, increased travel, and the widespread availability of international cuisines have exposed people to a broader range of foods. Social media and food shows have also played a significant role in encouraging culinary exploration by showcasing diverse dishes from around the world. As people become more open to trying new things, their willingness to experiment with different foods has grown.

6. How has globalization impacted the way people eat?

Globalization has profoundly impacted the way people eat by making a wide variety of international foods accessible. It has facilitated the exchange of culinary traditions and ingredients across borders, leading to the fusion of different cuisines. Supermarkets and restaurants now offer a diverse range of foods from all over the world, allowing people to experience global flavors without leaving their hometowns. However, globalization has also led to the homogenization of diets, with some traditional foods and practices being overshadowed by global food trends.

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 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Memorable – Worth remembering or easily remembered 

2. Bustling – Full of energetic and noisy activity 

3. Apprehension – Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen 

4. Distinctive – Characteristic of one person or thing, and so serving to distinguish it from others 

5. Palate – A person’s ability to distinguish between and appreciate different flavors in food and drink 

6. Harmonious – Forming a pleasing or consistent whole 

7. Culinary horizons – The range or scope of a person’s experiences with different types of food 

8. Stimulates – Raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in (the body or any biological system) 

9. Monotony – Lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition and routine 

10. Nutrients – Substances that provide nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life 

11. Sentimental value – The importance of something based on its emotional association rather than its monetary worth 

12. Homogenization – The process of making things uniform or similar 

Card 42; IELTS Speaking practice: Perfect band 9 answer for part 2 and part 3 cue card on a difficult decision you made that had a positive outcome.

Describe a difficult decision you made that had a positive outcome.

One difficult decision I made that had a positive outcome was deciding to pursue a Master’s degree in Education while maintaining my full-time job as an English lecturer. Balancing work and further studies was a challenging prospect, but I believed it was necessary for my professional growth.

This decision was difficult because it required a significant commitment of time, energy, and financial resources. I knew that juggling the responsibilities of my job with the demands of a rigorous academic program would be exhausting and stressful. Additionally, there was the fear of not being able to perform well in either area due to the divided focus.

To make this decision, I created a detailed plan outlining how I would manage my time and responsibilities. I sought advice from colleagues who had pursued similar paths and discussed it with my family to ensure I had their support. After weighing the pros and cons and considering my long-term career goals, I decided to enroll in the program.

The positive outcome of this decision was multifaceted. I successfully completed my Master’s degree, which enhanced my knowledge and skills in education. This accomplishment opened up new career opportunities, allowing me to take on more challenging and rewarding roles within the university. It also boosted my confidence and provided a sense of personal achievement.

Reflecting on this decision, I felt a deep sense of satisfaction and pride. Although it was a challenging period, the experience taught me valuable lessons in time management, perseverance, and resilience. The support I received from my family and colleagues was instrumental in my success, reinforcing the importance of having a strong support system when making difficult decisions.

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 Part 3

1. What are the key factors in making difficult decisions?

Key factors in making difficult decisions include evaluating the potential risks and benefits, considering long-term goals, and seeking advice from trusted individuals. It’s also important to assess the feasibility of the decision and consider the emotional and financial implications. Being clear about one’s values and priorities can guide the decision-making process and help ensure that the choice aligns with personal and professional aspirations.

2. How do people typically deal with the stress of making tough choices?

People typically deal with the stress of making tough choices by seeking support from friends, family, or mentors. They may also use stress management techniques such as mindfulness, exercise, and relaxation exercises to maintain their mental well-being. Breaking the decision down into smaller, manageable steps can make it less overwhelming. Additionally, gathering as much information as possible can help reduce uncertainty and build confidence in the decision-making process.

3. What are some examples of difficult decisions that people face in their daily lives?

Examples of difficult decisions people face in their daily lives include career changes, relocating for a job, financial investments, and major purchases like buying a home or car. Personal decisions, such as ending or committing to a relationship, choosing the right school for children, or addressing health-related issues, can also be challenging. Balancing work-life demands and making ethical choices in professional settings are other common difficult decisions.

4. How can past experiences influence decision-making?

Past experiences can greatly influence decision-making by providing a reference point and lessons learned from previous choices. Positive outcomes from past decisions can build confidence, while negative experiences can serve as cautionary tales, helping individuals avoid similar pitfalls. Experiences shape one’s judgment, preferences, and risk tolerance, often leading to more informed and thoughtful decisions over time.

5. What role do emotions play in making decisions?

Emotions play a significant role in making decisions as they can affect judgment, motivation, and risk perception. Positive emotions like excitement and confidence can encourage taking bold steps, while negative emotions like fear and anxiety might lead to caution or indecision. It’s important to recognize and manage emotions to ensure they inform but do not dominate the decision-making process, allowing for a balanced approach that considers both rational and emotional factors.

6. Can difficult decisions lead to personal growth? How?

Yes, difficult decisions can lead to personal growth by pushing individuals out of their comfort zones and challenging them to develop new skills and perspectives. Facing and overcoming challenges builds resilience, self-confidence, and problem-solving abilities. Difficult decisions often involve significant learning experiences, fostering adaptability and a deeper understanding of oneself and one’s values. These experiences can enhance personal and professional development, leading to greater fulfillment and success.

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 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Commitment – A pledge or undertaking 

2. Exhausting – Making one feel very tired; very tiring 

3. Juggling – Managing multiple tasks or responsibilities simultaneously 

4. Multifacted – Having many aspects or sides 

5. Perseverance – Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success 

6. Resilience – The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness 

7. Feasibility – The state or degree of being easily or conveniently done 

8. Aspirations – A hope or ambition of achieving something 

9. Stress management techniques – Methods to control a person’s level of stress 

10. Mindfulness – A mental state achieved by focusing one’s awareness on the present moment 

11. Reference point – A basis or standard for evaluation, assessment, or comparison 

12. Risk perception – An individual’s assessment of how their choices might lead to adverse outcomes 

13. Adaptability – The quality of being able to adjust to new conditions 

Card 37; IELTS Speaking practice: Perfect band 9 answer for part 2 and part 3 cue card on a piece of technology that you find useful.

Describe a piece of technology that you find useful.

One piece of technology that I find incredibly useful is my smartphone. It’s a versatile device that I use for a wide range of activities, from communication and entertainment to productivity and learning.

I use my smartphone in various ways throughout the day. It serves as my primary means of communication, allowing me to stay in touch with family, friends, and colleagues through calls, messages, and emails. For work, I use productivity apps like calendars, task managers, and note-taking apps to organize my schedule and keep track of my responsibilities. I also use it for learning and entertainment, accessing e-books, podcasts, music, and streaming services. Additionally, my smartphone helps me navigate with GPS, manage my finances with banking apps, and stay informed with news apps.

I find my smartphone useful because it consolidates multiple functions into one compact device, making it extremely convenient. It enhances my efficiency and productivity by allowing me to manage various aspects of my life on the go. The accessibility of information and resources at my fingertips is invaluable, especially when I need to look up something quickly or stay connected while traveling.

This piece of technology has significantly improved my life by streamlining my daily activities and enhancing my ability to multitask. It has made communication more efficient, enabling instant contact with anyone, anywhere. The convenience of having a single device for multiple purposes has also reduced the need to carry multiple gadgets, simplifying my life.

However, there are some drawbacks to using a smartphone. One major drawback is the potential for distraction. With so many apps and notifications vying for my attention, it can be challenging to stay focused on important tasks. Additionally, excessive screen time can lead to eye strain and other health issues. There is also the concern of data privacy and security, as smartphones store a vast amount of personal information that could be vulnerable to breaches.

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 Part 3

1. How has technology changed the way we live?

Technology has profoundly changed the way we live by making our lives more convenient, connected, and efficient. It has transformed communication, allowing instant contact with anyone globally through calls, messages, and social media. Technology has also revolutionized access to information, education, and entertainment. Innovations in healthcare, transportation, and home automation have improved our quality of life and safety. However, it has also introduced new challenges, such as digital addiction, privacy concerns, and the potential for reduced face-to-face interactions.

2. What are the positive and negative effects of being dependent on technology?

The positive effects of being dependent on technology include increased efficiency, convenience, and access to information. Technology can enhance productivity, simplify daily tasks, and improve communication. However, the negative effects include potential addiction, reduced physical activity, and privacy issues. Over-reliance on technology can lead to decreased social interactions and a lack of critical thinking skills, as people may become too dependent on devices for information and solutions.

3. How do technological advancements impact job markets?

Technological advancements significantly impact job markets by creating new job opportunities and industries while making certain jobs obsolete. Automation and artificial intelligence can increase efficiency and productivity but may also lead to job displacement in sectors like manufacturing and customer service. However, technology also generates demand for new skills and roles in areas such as software development, cybersecurity, and digital marketing. The job market continuously evolves, requiring workers to adapt and upskill to remain competitive.

4. Do you think older generations are more resistant to new technology? Why?

Yes, older generations tend to be more resistant to new technology, primarily due to a lack of familiarity and comfort with digital devices. Many older individuals did not grow up with advanced technology and may find it challenging to adapt to rapid changes. Additionally, concerns about privacy, security, and the perceived complexity of new technologies can contribute to their reluctance. However, with proper training and support, many older adults can become proficient in using new technologies.

5. How can people find a balance between using technology and staying connected with the real world?

People can find a balance between using technology and staying connected with the real world by setting boundaries and practicing mindful usage. This includes setting specific times for technology use, taking regular breaks from screens, and engaging in offline activities such as reading, exercising, and spending time with family and friends. It’s also important to be conscious of one’s technology habits and to prioritize face-to-face interactions and real-world experiences over virtual ones.

6. Should there be limits on technology use for children? Why or why not?

Yes, there should be limits on technology use for children to ensure their healthy development. Excessive screen time can negatively affect children’s physical health, including eye strain and poor posture, and can contribute to sedentary lifestyles. It can also impact their social skills and mental well-being. Setting limits encourages children to engage in a variety of activities, including outdoor play, reading, and creative pursuits, which are essential for their overall development. Monitoring and guiding children’s technology use can help them develop healthy habits and make the most of their screen time.

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 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Versatile – Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities 

2. Consolidates – Makes (something) physically stronger or more solid; combines into a single, more effective or coherent whole 

3. Streamlining – Making (an organization or system) more efficient and effective by employing faster or simpler working methods 

4. Multitask – Perform more than one task or activity at the same time 

5. Distraction – A thing that prevents someone from giving full attention to something else 

6. Digital addiction – Excessive or compulsive use of digital devices or the internet 

7. Data privacy – The protection of personal information from unauthorized access or disclosure 

8. Artificial intelligence – The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems 

9. Job displacement – The process by which workers are forced out of their jobs due to changes such as technological advancements 

10. Proficient – Competent or skilled in doing or using something 

11. Mindful usage – The practice of being aware of and intentional about how one uses technology 

12. Sedentary lifestyles – A type of lifestyle with little or no physical activity 

Card 33; IELTS Speaking practice: Perfect band 9 answer for part 2 and part 3 cue card on a subject you enjoyed studying at school.

Describe a subject you enjoyed studying at school.

One subject I particularly enjoyed studying at school was English Literature. It was taught by Mrs. Aysel, a passionate and inspiring teacher who had a profound love for literature. She brought the subject to life with her dynamic teaching style and deep knowledge of the texts we studied.

In English Literature, we delved into a wide range of literary works, from classic novels and plays to contemporary poetry and short stories. Mrs. Aysel encouraged us to analyze the themes, characters, and stylistic devices used by the authors, fostering critical thinking and a deeper appreciation for the written word. We also engaged in lively class discussions, debates, and creative projects, which made the subject more interactive and enjoyable.

I enjoyed English Literature because it opened up new worlds and perspectives through the stories we read. It allowed me to explore different cultures, historical periods, and human experiences. Mrs. Aysel’s enthusiasm was contagious, and her ability to connect the themes of the literature to our own lives made the subject incredibly relevant and interesting.

This subject has had a lasting influence on me. It sparked my lifelong passion for reading and writing, which eventually led me to pursue a career in education and linguistics. The critical thinking and analytical skills I developed in English Literature have been invaluable in my academic and professional endeavors. Additionally, the exposure to diverse perspectives and cultures has enriched my understanding of the world and fostered empathy and open-mindedness.

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 Part 3

1. How can a good teacher make a subject interesting?

A good teacher can make a subject interesting by bringing enthusiasm and passion to their teaching. They can use various teaching methods, such as storytelling, real-life examples, interactive activities, and multimedia resources to make lessons engaging and relatable. Personalizing the content to connect with students’ interests and experiences, encouraging active participation, and creating a positive and supportive classroom environment can also significantly enhance students’ interest in the subject.

2. Why is it important to enjoy the subjects you study?

Enjoying the subjects you study is important because it enhances motivation and engagement, leading to better learning outcomes. When students find a subject interesting, they are more likely to put in the effort, participate actively, and retain the information. Enjoyment in learning fosters a positive attitude towards education, encourages curiosity, and can lead to a lifelong love of learning, which is crucial for personal and professional development.

3. What are the benefits of having a broad education?

Having a broad education provides numerous benefits. It promotes intellectual flexibility and adaptability, allowing individuals to think critically and creatively across different disciplines. A well-rounded education fosters a deeper understanding of the world, enhancing cultural awareness and empathy. It also equips individuals with a diverse skill set, making them more versatile and competitive in the job market. Furthermore, a broad education encourages lifelong learning and personal growth.

4. How can schools encourage students to develop a love for learning?

Schools can encourage students to develop a love for learning by creating a stimulating and supportive learning environment. This includes offering a diverse and engaging curriculum, providing opportunities for hands-on and experiential learning, and fostering a culture of curiosity and inquiry. Schools should also recognize and celebrate students’ achievements, provide access to resources and extracurricular activities that cater to varied interests, and ensure that teachers are well-trained and passionate about their subjects.

5. What are some challenges teachers face in making subjects engaging?

Teachers face several challenges in making subjects engaging, including varying student interests and learning styles, large class sizes, and limited resources. The pressure to cover a broad curriculum within a short timeframe can also make it difficult to incorporate interactive and creative teaching methods. Additionally, external factors such as standardized testing and administrative demands can constrain teachers’ ability to innovate and personalize their teaching.

6. How has education changed in your country over the years?

Education in Azerbaijan has undergone significant changes over the years. There has been a shift towards more modern and student-centered teaching methods, incorporating technology and digital resources into the classroom. The

curriculum has been updated to include a wider range of subjects and to emphasize critical thinking, problem-solving, and practical skills. There has also been a greater focus on inclusivity and access to education, ensuring that all students, regardless of their background, have the opportunity to learn and succeed. Teacher training programs have been enhanced to equip educators with the skills and knowledge needed to engage and inspire their students effectively.

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 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Profound – Very great or intense; having deep insight or understanding 

2. Delved – Investigated deeply 

3. Stylistic devices – Techniques used by writers to give their work a distinctive look or sound 

4. Critical thinking – The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment 

5. Enthusiasm – Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval 

6. Lifelong passion – An enduring love or enthusiasm for something 

7. Intellectual flexibility – The ability to adapt and think creatively across different subjects 

8. Well-rounded education – An education that covers a wide range of subjects and skills 

9. Experiential learning – Learning through hands-on experience and activities 

10. Standardized testing – Tests that are administered and scored in a consistent manner 

11. Inclusivity – Including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized 

12. Student-centered teaching – An approach to education that focuses on the needs and interests of the student 

13. Practical skills – Skills that are useful and applicable in real-world situations 

14. Teacher training programs – Programs designed to educate and prepare individuals to become effective teachers 

Card 31; IELTS Speaking practice: Perfect band 9 answer for part 2 and part 3 cue card on a tradition in your country.

 Part 2

Describe a tradition in your country.

One of the most cherished traditions in Azerbaijan is Novruz Bayram, also known as Nowruz, which celebrates the arrival of spring and the Persian New Year. This ancient festival, deeply rooted in Zoroastrianism, symbolizes rebirth, renewal, and the victory of light over darkness.

Novruz is celebrated with a series of rituals and festivities that begin weeks before the actual day, which falls on the vernal equinox, around March 20th. Preparations include thorough cleaning of homes, buying new clothes, and preparing traditional sweets and dishes. One of the key rituals is the “Yeddi Lampa” (Seven Lamps), where people light seven candles representing the seven holy elements: earth, water, fire, air, plants, animals, and humans. Another important tradition is “Chaharshanbe Suri,” celebrated on the last Wednesday before Novruz, where people jump over bonfires to cleanse themselves of the past year’s misfortunes and start anew.

Novruz is celebrated by almost everyone in Azerbaijan, regardless of age, religion, or background. Families gather to share festive meals, visit each other’s homes, and exchange gifts. Special dishes such as “Saffron Rice” and “Shakarbura,” a sweet pastry filled with nuts and sugar, are prepared and enjoyed. Traditional games, music, and dances are also part of the celebrations.

This tradition is significant because it fosters a sense of unity and continuity among people. It is a time when families and communities come together, strengthening social bonds and cultural identity. Novruz also serves as a reminder of the importance of harmony with nature and the cyclical nature of life.

I feel a deep sense of pride and joy in celebrating Novruz. It is a beautiful and meaningful tradition that connects me to my heritage and ancestors. The rituals and celebrations provide a sense of renewal and hope, marking a positive start to the new year. Participating in Novruz makes me feel part of a larger community, sharing common values and customs that have been passed down through generations.

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 Part 3

1. What role do traditions play in a culture?

Traditions play a crucial role in a culture by preserving its history, values, and identity. They provide a sense of continuity and belonging, linking the past with the present and future generations. Traditions also help to strengthen community bonds, foster social cohesion, and provide a framework for social norms and behaviors. They are essential in maintaining cultural diversity and richness.

2. How have traditions changed over time in your country?

In Azerbaijan, some traditions have evolved to adapt to modern lifestyles while retaining their core essence. For example, traditional festivals like Novruz have incorporated contemporary elements such as modern music and technology, but the fundamental rituals and values remain intact. Urbanization and globalization have also influenced the way traditions are practiced, sometimes leading to simplified or altered versions. However, there is a strong effort to preserve the authenticity of these cultural practices.

3. Do you think traditions are important for younger generations? Why or why not?

Yes, traditions are important for younger generations as they provide a sense of identity and belonging. They teach values, ethics, and the history of a culture, helping young people understand their roots and heritage. Traditions also foster intergenerational connections and continuity, allowing the wisdom and experiences of older generations to be passed down. Embracing traditions can give young people a sense of pride and stability in an increasingly globalized world.

4. How can people preserve their cultural traditions?

People can preserve their cultural traditions by actively practicing and celebrating them, passing them down to younger generations through storytelling, education, and participation. Communities can organize cultural events and festivals to keep traditions alive and vibrant. Supporting cultural institutions such as museums and heritage centers also plays a significant role in preservation. Additionally, documenting traditions through media, literature, and digital platforms ensures they are recorded for future generations.

5. What are some examples of traditions that have been adapted to modern times?

An example of a tradition adapted to modern times is the celebration of weddings. While traditional wedding ceremonies in Azerbaijan still include age-old customs like “Khinayakhdi” (henna night) and “Gelin Gaitarmak” (bringing the bride), modern elements such as themed receptions, contemporary music, and digital invitations have been incorporated. Similarly, traditional crafts and clothing are often combined with modern designs and materials to appeal to contemporary tastes while preserving their cultural significance.

6. How do cultural traditions impact people’s identity?

Cultural traditions profoundly impact people’s identity by providing a sense of belonging and continuity. They shape an individual’s worldview, values, and behaviors, linking them to a larger community and heritage. Traditions foster pride in one’s culture and history, reinforcing a collective identity that distinguishes a group from others. They also offer a framework for understanding one’s place in the world and contribute to a sense of stability and coherence in an ever-changing environment.

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 Glossary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Cherished – Held dear; valued highly 

2. Vernal equinox – The time in spring when day and night are of equal length 

3. Thorough – Complete with regard to every detail; not superficial or partial 

4. Festivities – Celebrations or events that are enjoyable and fun 

5. Misfortunes – Bad luck or adverse events 

6. Cohesion – The action or fact of forming a united whole 

7. Authenticity – The quality of being genuine or true to its origin 

8. Urbanization – The process of making an area more urban 

9. Globalization – The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale 

10. Intergenerational – Relating to, involving, or affecting several generations 

11. Heritage – Valued objects and qualities such as cultural traditions passed down from previous generations 

12. Continuity – The unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over time 

13. Vibrant – Full of energy and life 

14. Profoundly – To a great depth psychologically 

15. Framework – A basic structure underlying a system, concept, or text 

 Card 58: Transportation

1. What is your preferred mode of transportation? Why?

My preferred mode of transportation is cycling. I enjoy it because it’s environmentally friendly, provides good exercise, and allows me to avoid traffic congestion. It’s also a great way to explore the city and stay active.

2. How often do you use public transportation?

I use public transportation almost daily. It’s convenient and cost-effective for commuting to work and other places around the city, especially during peak hours when traffic can be heavy.

3. How do you feel about the transportation system in your city?

The transportation system in my city is fairly efficient but could use some improvements. While there are numerous bus routes and a decent metro system, the frequency and coverage could be enhanced to better serve the residents.

4. Have you ever traveled long distances by train or bus?

Yes, I have traveled long distances by both train and bus. One memorable trip was a train journey across Europe, which was comfortable and provided stunning scenic views. Traveling by bus is also a practical option, though it can be less comfortable for very long distances.

5. Do you think it’s important to have a good public transportation system? Why?

Absolutely, having a good public transportation system is crucial. It reduces traffic congestion, lowers pollution levels, and provides an affordable and accessible means of travel for everyone, contributing to the overall efficiency and quality of life in a city.

6. How do you usually get to work or school?

I usually get to work by taking the metro. It’s fast, reliable, and avoids the traffic jams that are common during rush hours. Occasionally, I also cycle to work when the weather is nice.

7. What improvements would you like to see in transportation in your area?

I would like to see an expansion of the metro and bus networks to cover more areas, as well as increased frequency of service. Better cycling infrastructure, such as dedicated bike lanes and secure parking, would also encourage more people to cycle.

8. How do you feel about cycling as a mode of transportation?

I feel very positive about cycling as a mode of transportation. It’s healthy, environmentally friendly, and often quicker than driving or taking public transport in congested areas. However, safety can be a concern, so better infrastructure is needed.

9. Have you ever had any problems with public transportation?

Yes, I have encountered problems with public transportation, such as delays, overcrowded buses and trains, and occasional service disruptions. These issues can be frustrating, especially when you’re on a tight schedule.

10. Do you think electric cars will become more popular in the future? Why or why not?

I believe electric cars will become more popular in the future due to their environmental benefits and advancements in technology. As battery technology improves and charging infrastructure expands, electric cars will become more accessible and appealing to a broader audience.

 Vocabulary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Environmentally friendly – Not harmful to the environment

2. Traffic congestion – Heavy traffic causing delays

3. Cost-effective – Economical; good value for the money spent

4. Frequency and coverage – How often transportation runs and the areas it serves

5. Scenic views – Beautiful landscapes

6. Practical option – A feasible and sensible choice

7. Pollution levels – The amount of pollutants in the environment

8. Affordable and accessible – Inexpensive and easy to reach or use

9. Reliable – Consistently good in quality or performance

10. Rush hours – The times during the day when traffic is at its heaviest

11. Dedicated bike lanes – Specific lanes on the road for cyclists

12. Service disruptions – Interruptions in transportation services

13. Battery technology – Technology related to the development and improvement of batteries

14. Charging infrastructure – Facilities and systems for recharging electric vehicles

15. Appealing – Attractive or interesting

 Card 20: Jewelry

1. Do you like wearing jewelry?

Yes, I like wearing jewelry. I believe it adds a touch of elegance and personal expression to my appearance. Jewelry can complement an outfit and reflect one’s personality.

2. What types of jewelry do you usually wear?

I usually wear simple and classic pieces, such as a watch, a pair of stud earrings, and a delicate necklace. Occasionally, I also wear bracelets or rings, depending on the occasion.

3. Is there any piece of jewelry that is special to you? Why?

Yes, there is a piece of jewelry that is very special to me—a gold pendant that was a gift from my grandmother. It has been passed down through generations in my family, and it holds significant sentimental value. It reminds me of my family’s heritage and my grandmother’s love.

4. How often do you buy new jewelry?

I don’t buy new jewelry very often, perhaps once or twice a year. I prefer to invest in high-quality pieces that can be worn for a long time rather than frequently purchasing new items.

5. Do you think jewelry makes a good gift? Why?

Yes, jewelry makes a wonderful gift because it is timeless and can hold significant meaning. A carefully chosen piece of jewelry can commemorate special occasions, symbolize relationships, and be cherished for years.

6. How do you take care of your jewelry?

I take care of my jewelry by storing it properly in a jewelry box to avoid scratches and tangles. I also clean it regularly using appropriate cleaning solutions to maintain its shine and luster. For delicate pieces, I follow specific care instructions to ensure they remain in good condition.

7. What types of jewelry are popular in your country?

In Azerbaijan, traditional jewelry such as intricate silver and gold pieces with cultural motifs are very popular. Additionally, modern styles like minimalist designs and gemstone jewelry are also widely appreciated.

8. Have you ever received jewelry as a gift? What was it?

Yes, I have received jewelry as a gift on several occasions. One memorable gift was a beautiful pair of sapphire earrings from my parents for my graduation. They are elegant and hold sentimental value as a reminder of their support and pride in my achievement.

9. Do you prefer gold, silver, or other types of jewelry? Why?

I prefer gold jewelry because of its warm color and timeless appeal. Gold also tends to be more durable and hypoallergenic, making it a practical choice for everyday wear. However, I do appreciate silver and other types of jewelry for their unique styles and versatility.

10. How has your taste in jewelry changed over time?

My taste in jewelry has evolved from flashy and trendy pieces to more classic and sophisticated designs. As I’ve grown older, I’ve come to appreciate the elegance and versatility of simpler, high-quality pieces that can be worn on various occasions.

 Vocabulary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Elegance – Graceful and stylish in appearance or manner 

2. Complement – Add to (something) in a way that enhances or improves it 

3. Pendant – A piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck 

4. Sentimental value – The importance of an object due to its association with emotions or memories 

5. Timeless – Not affected by the passage of time or changes in fashion 

6. Commemorate – Recall and show respect for (someone or something) in a ceremony or through an object 

7. Luster – A gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface 

8. Intricate – Very complicated or detailed 

9. Hypoallergenic – Unlikely to cause an allergic reaction 

10. Versatility – The ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities 

11. Flashy – Ostentatiously attractive or impressive 

12. Sophisticated – Having, revealing, or proceeding from a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of fashion and culture